第四讲商务文体的翻译(合同)
合同的作用在于明确陈述和规定不同当事人在有关活动中的权利和义务,由于其涉及领域广泛,如商品、贸易、商检、运输、保险、技术、金融、法律等,因而涉及到不同领域的专业词语和术语。
1. Structure of Contract
1) 合同的开头
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT (SALES)
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of _________ (month), ____ (year), by and between: _______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport No._____) residing at _____________.
本聘用协议于___年_月_日签订,双方当事人为:
依_州法律组织设立的________公司(以下简称本公司) ,主营业地为_______,与
___国籍的____ (护照号码: _____)(以下简称雇员), 居住于_________________。
2) Recitals
由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成(这些句子俗称为"Whereas Clauses" 即鉴于条款)。"Whereas"的本义是"When in fact"、"considering that"、或"that being the case"的意思,所以"Whereas Clauses"就表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实(例如订约的目的、背景、原由等)的共同认识,订立此合同。以下是一个补偿贸易合同(Compensation Trade Contract)的Whereas Clauses,很简单明了地表达了双方合作的意愿。
WITNESSETH
兹证明(通常不译)
Whereas Party B has machines and equipment, which are now used in Party B's manufacturing of steel wire rope, and is willing to sell to Party A the machines and equipment; and
鉴于乙方拥有用于生产钢丝绳的机械设备,愿向甲方出售该机械设备;Whereas Party B agrees to buy the products, steel wire rope, made by Party A using the machines and equipment Party B supplies, in compensation of the price of the machines and equipment, and
鉴于乙方同意购买甲方用乙方所供应的该机械设备生产的产品,钢丝绳来补偿该机械设备的价款;
Whereas Party A agrees to purchase from Party B the machines and equipment, and
鉴于甲方同意从乙方购买该机械设备;鉴于甲方同意向乙方出售产品钢丝绳以补偿乙方机械设备的价款;
Whereas Party A agrees to sell to Party B the products, the steel wire rope, in compensation of the price of Party B's machines and equipment;
Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows:
因此,基于上述诸点认识双方特立契约,约定如下:
Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows:
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:
3) 正文(Hanbendum)
正文(Hanbendum) 部分, 也称为Body, 具体约定当事人的权利义务。各式各样的正文条款是合同中最核心的部份,也是篇幅最大的部份,与当事人的权利义务关系发生最直接、最密切的牵连。
英文合同中的正文条款分为两类:「特殊条款」与「一般条款」。所谓「特殊条款」指的是只有在某些特定性质的合同中才会出现的条款,例如劳动合同中通常会约定保密条款、竞业禁止条款,但是买卖同就不会有这些约定。反过来说,买卖合同中一般要记载交易标的、交易条件等等条款,在劳动合同中就不会出现。
相对于「特殊条款」的所谓「一般条款」,指的是不论合同性质如何,几乎所有的合同中都会记载的条款,例如违约条款等等。
4) 证明部分(Attestation)
英文合同结构中的最后一个部份就是结尾辞即证明部分与当事人的签名。所谓「结尾辞」指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字,相当于中文合同中“双方签字盖章,特此为证”。除了表明签名人确实为正当授权的代表外,还会具明签名的日期。至于签名档的部份,如果当事人是公司的话,除了代表人的签名以外,还要加盖公司印鉴,并且通常会注明代表人的职务(title)。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.
___________________ ___________________
By: By:
Title: Title:
本协议由被授权之人,于本协议上述所记载日期,代表双方当事人缔结生效之,特此为证。
_________________ __________________
代表人:代表人:
职务:职务:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF
这三个词是英文合同结尾辞的标准模式,实体上讲并没有什幺特别的功能或意义,与中文合同里最后通常会记载的「恐口说无凭,特立契为证」很类似,也有用IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF 替代,意思也是一样的。