国际工程合同管理必识100关键词英文解释

activity - In CPM (Critical Path Method) scheduling, a task or item of work required to complete a project.

activity duration - In CPM (Critical Path Method) scheduling, the estimated time required to complete an activity.

addendum, addenda (pl.) - Alteration or clarification of the plans or specifications provided to the bidder by the owner or by the owner's representative prior to bid time. An addendum becomes part of the contract documents when the contract is executed.

a dvertisement for bids - The published, public notice soliciting bids for construction. Usually, it is required by law that the advertisement be published in newspapers of general circulation in the area, when public funds are to be used for construction.

agent - A person authorized by another person to act on the first person's behalf. An architect is frequently the owner's agent.

agreement - (1) A meeting of the minds. (2) A promise to perform, between signatories of a document. (3) In construction, the specific documents setting forth the terms of the contracts between architect, owner, engineer, construction manager, contractor, and others.

allowance - (1) In bidding, an amount budgeted for an item for which no exact dollar amount is available. (2) A contingency for unforeseen costs. (3) The classification of connected parts or members according to their tightness or looseness.

alternate bid - An amount stated in a bid which can be added or deducted by an owner if the defined changes are made to the plans or specifications of the base bid.

arbitration - A method of settling disputes between parties of a contract by presenting information to recognized authorities. Parties agree in advance to binding arbitration of disputes, either as a clause in the contract or at the occurrence of a dispute. This method of avoiding litigation can save both time and money.

base bid - The amount of money stated in the bid as the sum for which bidder offers to perform the work described in the bidding documents, prior to adjustments for alternate bids which have been submitted.

bid - A complete and properly signed proposal to do the work or designated portion thereof for the amount or amounts stipulated therein. A bid is submitted in accordance with the bidding documents.

- bid bond A form of bid security executed by the bidder or principal and by a surety to guarantee that the bidder will enter into a contract within a specified time and furnish any

required performance bond, and labor and material payment bond. C

- bid date The date established by the owner or the architect for receipt of bids.

- bid form - A form, furnished to the bidder, on which to submit his bid.

- bid opening - The opening and tabulation of bids submitted within the prescribed bid time and in conformity with the prescribed procedures. Bid opening is preferable to bid letting.

bidding documents - The advertisement or invitation to bid, instructions to bidders, the bid form, other sample bidding and contract forms, and the proposed contract documents, including any addenda issued prior to receipt of bids.

bidding period - The calendar period beginning at the time of issuance of bidding documents and ending at the prescribed bid time.

bonding company - A firm providing a surety bond for work to be performed by a contractor payable to the owner in case of default of the contractor. The bond can be for work performance or for payment for materials and labor.

building code - The legal minimum requirements established or adopted by a governmental unit pertaining to the design and construction of buildings.

business agent - An official of a trade union who represents the union in negotiations and disputes and checks jobs for compliance with union regulations and union contracts.

change order - A written order to a contractor with the necessary signatures to make it a legal document and authorizing a change from the original plans, specifications, or other contract documents, as well as a change in the cost.

changes in the work - Changes to the original design, specifications, or scope of work requested by the owner. All changes in the work should be documented on change orders.

clarification drawing - An illustration, provided by an architect or engineer, to explain in more detail some area or item on the contract documents, or as part of a job change order or modification.

clerk of the works - A representative of the architect or owner who oversees construction, handles administrative matters, and ensures that construction is in accordance with the contract documents.

closed list of bidders - A list of contractors that have been approved by the architect and owner as the only ones from whom bid prices will be accepted.