英语单词词性（词类）一．名词：代替人或事物名称的词。
分可数和不可数。
可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词视为单数形式，作主语时候，谓语用单数。
但如果有量词表示不可数名词数量时，则作主语时要与量词的数保持一致。
名词变复数规则：①.一般加s;②.以s ,x ,sh,ch o(黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆和芒果negro,hero,tomato,potato,mango)后加es;③.以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y为i再加es;④.以f/fe 结尾的，变f/fe为v，再加es；⑤.特殊形式特殊记忆。
（1）.先将下面可数名词找出来，然后再将其变为复数形式。
fish bread box fox bus grass peach watch potato water tomato hero baby key broccoli boy knife leaf child sheep mouse Chinese Japanese fly man woman（2）.用括号中词的适当形式填空：1.I ate many ______(tomato)this morning.2.The _____(woman) in red are my aunts.3.My uncle has three _____(child).4.The milk in the glass _____(be) white but the two glasses of juice ____(be) orange.5.Koalas like eating_______(leaf) and _____(grass).名词所有格：表示一种所属关系，“……的”。
一般在有生命的名词后加“’s”；以s 结尾的复数名词只打“’”不加s;表示两者共有的只在后者后加“’s”;表示两者分别所有的则要在两者后分别加“’s”;在一些表示居所的名词可以直接在名词后加“’s”,省去后面的居所名词；国家、时间等无生命的名词可加“’s”表示所有格；无生命的名词的所有格用of 介词短语表示。
1._____(Tom的)bag is here and ______( Jack的)is there.2.This is ___________(Tom 和Jack的)room.3.These are ____________(Tom的和Jack的)rooms.4.The ________(students的)bags are heavy .5.The leg ____(填介词)the table is long.6.I want to go to my ______(uncle)this Saturday.7._______(today)newspaper is here.8.The______(children)faces are red.9.The _______(women)children are cute.10.______(China)people are friendly.二．冠词：就是放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。
分定冠词the和不定冠词a/an.定冠词the表示特指，即可修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词；不定冠词a/an表示泛指。
其中a用于辅音因素前，an用于元音因素前。
在下面空格上填冠词。
1.I have ___ book and ____book is ____ story book.2._____woman with____ umbrella in her hand is my mother.3.There is ____girl in the room and ____girl is Tom’s sister.4.Tom is _____ first one to get to school every morning.5.Tom is ___English.三．代词：用来代替名词、形容词或数词的。
有人称代词（分主格和宾格）、物主代词（分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词）、指示代词（如this,that ,these,those）和不定代词(如some,many,much,any,等)。
人称代词巧记规则：人称代词很容易，我是我来你是你。
主格作主语，主谓不分家；宾格作宾语，动介后面加上去。
我主I 宾是me；男他he,女她she,还有him 和her 是宾格；it和you主宾同；我们主宾we,us;他们主宾the y,them。
1.____(我)am in the classroom.Tom is next to ____(我).2.Let______(我们) go to the park today.______(我们)are happy.3.Nice to meet _____(你).Where are _____(你)from?4._____(他)is from Canada. Now listen to ____(他)，please.5.______(她)is a beautiful girl.Everyone loves _____(她).6.____(它)is a lovely cat.We all love _____(它).7.______(她们)are beautiful hostesses.All the people look at _______(她们).物主代词巧记规则：物主代词更轻松，我的你的要分清。
形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用；名词性，独立用，主宾表语它都充。
名词性变轻松，一变二同四S。
一变my-mine,二同his-his,its-its,四S:our-ours,your-yours,her-hers,their-theirs1.This is _____(我的)book,it’s not ______(你的).2.That is not ______(你的)pen,it’s______(我的).3.______(我们的)teacher is tall and _______(你们的)is short.4._____(他的)hair is short and ______(她的)is long.5.______(它的)name is Puppy.6._______(他们的)school is big and ______(我们的)is small.7.______(你们的)playground is small and _______(他们的)is big. ______(她的)apple is red and _____(他的)is green.四．形容词：用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，形容词在句中一般做定语，表语和补足语。
有原级，比较级，最高级。
形容词同级的比较：用“as……as 或so……as”表示。
省略号位置必须用原级，当否定句时可以将第一个as改为so形式。
两个比较重要的固定搭配be as good at sth as 与……一样擅长某事，be not as/so good at sth as……不及……擅长某事。
1.I’m as _____(tall)as Tom.2.My father is not so______(fat) as Tom’s.3.I’m not so _____(good)at sports as Tom.4.My hair is as _____(long)as Tom’s.5.I’m as ______(good)at swimming as Tom.形容词的比较级：用以两者之间，表示“比较……或更……”，一般有than 比较连词出现，也可以暗含比较。
但句中如果出现than 则在其前一定会有一个比较级形式。
能够修饰比较级的词有much ,a little ,a bit ,even, far.形容词比较级的构成规则：①.直接加(er)；②.去e加；③.双写加；④.变y为i 加；⑤.前加more⑥.动词加ed变来的形容词的比较级都在前加more;⑦. 特殊形式.(好坏多少远年长good,well,ill,bad,badly,many,much,far,old)变下面形容词比较级tall late early big fat thin beautiful interesting good well bad healthy friendly popular happy1.I’m _____(tall)than Tom.2.My sister is _______(beautiful)than Tom’s.3.I’m much__________(interest)in math than English.4.I’m a little _______(good) at music than art.5.I like English _____(good)than Chinese.6.Shanghai is _____(big)than any other cities in China.7.Can you read _____(loud)?I can’t hear you.形容词最高级：用于三者或三者以上，一般句中会有一定的限定范围。
形容词最高级前一般加the。
形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。
最高级的变化跟比较级规律基本一样，只是将加er 换成est,前加more的换成most 。
1.Tom is ____(tall) in his class.2.I like red ____(good).3.Shanghai is _____(big)city in China.4.I’m ______(interest)in English in all the subjects.5.I’m _____(excite) of us three.6.Soccer is _______(interesting)sport I’ve ever known.五．副词：修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的词,副词也可以修饰整个句子，在句中一般做状语。
“ly”是副词的后缀，但lovely ,friendly,lonely是形容词。
如：I’m listening to her carefully. I can speak English well.(修饰动词) I’m very tall. （修饰形容词）I run very fast. .（修饰副词）1.________(luck), I passed the test.2_________(luck), my uncle fell down from his bike.3.Tom finishen his work _______(success).4.Tom went to school after he ate breakfast_______(quick).5.He went out of his classroom_______(quiet).6.My grandpa is walking ______(slow).7.Don’t talk _____(loud).六．动词：表示动作或状态的词。