英语语法精讲(1)
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4.助动词 (1)助动词的概念 助动词是指用来帮助主要动词完成语法功能的动词。 助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语。他们可以在句中与实义动词一 起构成一般疑问句,否定句,进行时态,完成时态和将来时态等。而被 协助的词称做主要动词。有时候,情态动词也可视为助动词。 最常用的助动词有:be、have、do、shall、will、should、would。 He doesn't like math.(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词, 有词义)
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3.情态动词 情态动词是指表示说话人的语气或者感情、状态的动词。情态动词没有 人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独作谓语,必须和后面的动词原形合用。 情态动词的否定形式,可以直接在后面加not。 情态动词的一般疑问句形式,可以直接把情态动词提到句首,句子中其 他成分不变,并且在句末加问号。 常用的情态动词有:can能,会、may可以、must必须、need需要、 should应该。
英语语法精讲(1)
英语语法的习得 就是英语思维的初步形成 英语思维如果通过大量的听、读形成了,那英语语法也就习得了
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CONTENTS 词性篇 Part of Speech
● 动词(一)Verbs I·······································································3 ● 动词(二)Verbs II······································································16 ● 名词Nouns···············································································35 ● 代词Pronouns···········································································50 ● 冠词Articles··············································································72 ● 连词Conjunctions······································································78 ● 介词Prepositions·······································································84 ● 数词Numerals············································································92
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4)感官系动词主要有feel、smell、sound、taste等。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5)表象系动词用来表示“看起来像……”,主要有seem、appear、look等 He looks very tired. 6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove、turn out表达“证实”、 “变成”之意。 His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表示终止 性结果) 7)最主要的连系动词是be(am/is/are)。其他常用的连系动词还有:seem 似乎、look看起来、appear好像、become变成、keep保持、get成为。
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2)根据其在句子中的功能,动词可分为4类: ● 系动词 情态动词 助动词 实义动词 ● 2.系动词 ● (1)系动词的概念 ● 系动词也叫连系动词,有些不具词义,有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构,
来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 ● (2)系动词的用法 ● 1)状态系动词be(am/is/are)用来表示主语的性质或是状态。 ● Those pictures are very beautiful. ● 2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep、rest、remain、stay、lie、stand等。 ● He always keep silent at meeting. ● 3)变化系动词用来表示主语变成什么样,主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run等。 ● He became mad after that.
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(2)助动词的用法 1)基本助动词 be do have 他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用。如协助构成进行时、完成时、被动 态、否定句、疑问句等。 be作为助动词,主要用于构成进行时。 The boys are playing soccer. My sisiter will be arriving in America tomorrow morning. do通常协助主要动词构成否定句或是一般疑问句。 have作为助动词,主要用于构成完成时态。 My boss has gone to Beijing.
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动词、实义动词
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● 1.动词概述 ● (1)动词的概念 ● 动词就是用来形容或表示各类动作或状态的词。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第
二个动作可以用不定式、动名词、并列连词、从属连词或增加子句等方法连结。英语中,动词是 句子的核心,它既决定着句子意思的表达,同时又决定着句子的语法结构。 ● (2)动词的分类 ● 1)根据动词的组成形式,可分为3类: ● 单字词:drink ● 短语动词: 动词+副词 find out 动词+介词 look into 动词+副词+介词 look forward to ● 动词短语 take care of