①D ②D
③B
4、表语： 它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或 特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、 形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、 不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D
• ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D • ② What is your given name? A B C D • ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D
句子成分与句子结构
一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要 弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即 句子的成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同 位语的概念。 1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的 主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、 代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。 2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短 语。
①D7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的， 作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不 定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中 的interesting. 8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句 放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质 或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people ，love peace中的Chinese people 是主语We的同位语.
① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
• (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) ① I don't like the picture on the wall. • A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. • A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? • A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. • A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. • A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? • A. give B. did C. whom D. book
2、主语+不及物动词（或短语）（+状语） 如： The sun rises in the east. The Opium War（鸦片战争） broke out in 1839. 3、主语+及物动词（或短语）+宾语 如： They decided to hold a class meeting. We depend on our parents for food and clothing.
• (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 • ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
3)、接形容词作补足语的动词有：think, believe, find, feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.
以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可扩 展成相应的从句，从而成为复合句。同时，复合 句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成的。 如： What he says doesn’t agree with what he does. Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way. It occurred to me that I had much homework to do. He promised me that he would attend the lecture. What has made the city what it is now?
2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个 或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.
3、复合句： 复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如： If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我 们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通 过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此， 只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型， 我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的 连词来分析复杂的句子。
. 1)、接名词作补足语的动词有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc.
2)、接动词不定式作补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, let, have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), forbid, teach.不能用于此结构的动词有： suggest, demand, hope, agree.
三、简单句的五种基本句型：
1、主语+连系动词+表语 如： I’m not feeling well today. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 连系动词有：be, seem, appear, keep, prove, turn out/look, feel, sound, smell, taste/become, grow, get, turn, go, come (true), fall (ill, asleep)
挑出下列句中的状语
• There was a big smile on her face. A B C D ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B C D
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如： Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. The boy made his sister cry. Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. Our headteacher required us not to be late for class
定语
①C
②C
③A④ B
⑤B
⑥D
6、状语： 它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。 如I like it very much中的very 修饰much, 而much 又修饰like。 状语说明时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、 方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或 句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中 be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动 词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。
• 4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 如： • My father bought me an electronic dictionary. • Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. • 用于此句型的动词有buy, find, bring, give, teach, pass, show, tell, do, leave, get, lend, lose（使……失去）, cost(使……付出代价）, offer, promise, sing, write, deny, envy. • He denies his wife nothing.
D
B
D
5、定语： 它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有： 名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定 式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词 则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句 则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river 中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.