He’s a head of state. 他是一位国家元首。
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ruin （1） n. [U] 毁坏；毁灭；灭亡 Eg: The war brought ruin to the country. （2） n. 倒塌的建筑物，废墟 Eg: The castle now lies in ruins. 注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数， 常构成in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不 堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。 • （3）v. （完全地）毁坏，毁掉；使破产 • Eg: I was ruined by that law case.
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electricity n. [U] 电，电力 Eg: This machine is run/driven by electricity. 拓展： turn on/off electricity 接通/切断电源 electric adj. 用电的，电动的 electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的 electronic adj.电子的
• shock • （1）v. 使震惊；使惊愕；使难以置信 • 搭配： be shocked at 对……感到震惊 • be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事 eg: The murder of such a young child deeply shocked the whole community. （2）v. （使）愤慨，（使）生气 eg: Just ignore all their bad language ─ they only do it to shock. （3） n. 令人震惊的（情况，消息） 搭配：be a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个打击 eg: It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close.
greed + -y = greedy贪婪的
taste+ -y = tasty 美味的 fat + -y = fatty 肥胖的 fog + -y = foggy 有雾的
• burst • ①v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸 • Eg: You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful. • The balloon suddenly burst. • ②v.猛冲；突然出现 • Eg: He burst into the room without knocking. • burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然…… 起来 eg: burst into laughter=burst out laughing
• shocked adj. 惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 rescue （1） n. [C,U] 救援，营救；救援行动 eg: The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. （2） vt. 救援，拯救，解救 搭配：rescue sb/sth from 把……从……（地 方）解救出来 eg: They rescued the boy from the burning house.
• extreme • （1）adj. 极度（大）的；严重的；极端的； 过分的 • Eg： extreme weather conditions 极端恶劣的 天气情况 • extreme sports 极限运动 • （2） n. [C] 完全相反的事物；极端，极度， 极限 • Eg: extremes of cold, wind or rain 严寒，狂风， 骤雨 • 拓展： go to extremes 走极端
1). at an end: 表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。 eg: 战争结束了。
The war was at an end.= The war came to an end.
2). in the end: 表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。 eg: 最终他们放弃了那项计划。 They gave up the plan in the end. (at last) 3). at the end of: 表示“在…的尽头/末尾” eg: 今年年底，我父亲要回家。 My father will come home at the end of this year. He is at the end of his patience.
eg: 她突然笑起来。
She burst out laughing.
She burst into laughter .
他突然大哭起来。
He burst out crying. 闯入 充满
He burst into tears.
n. 突然爆裂，爆发 短语：a burst of… 一阵…
burst into burst with
injure
指损害健康，成就，容 A bullet injured his left eye. 貌等，强调功能的丧失， 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 常指事故中的伤害 普通用语，既可指肉体 上的伤害，也可指精神 上，感情上的伤害 I don’t want to hurt you. 我不想伤害你。 The soldier was wounded badly. 这位士兵严重受伤。
• 拓展： • be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产 suffering n. [U] 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难 eg: Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 注意：sufferings 表示“痛苦，苦恼” eg: The hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.
• a rescue team 救援队 rescue worker 救援人员
trap （1） vt. （trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危 险中 搭配：be trapped in 困在……中 eg: The car was trapped in the deep snow. （2） n. [C]陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
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well ① n. 井 Eg: A book is a well of knowledge. ② adj. 健康的 Eg: I hope you will get well soon. ③ adv. 熟练地，有效地 Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age.
ship for two years.
到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。
I will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of next term.
5. nation n. 民族，国家，国民 单词积累：national adj. 国家的，民族的，国营的 nationality n. 国籍 辨析：nation, country, state 易混词 辨析 例句 nation
他已经忍耐到极限了。
4). by the end of: 到…末为止，常与完成时态连用。 by the end of last…用于过去完成时
by the end of next…用于将来完成时
eg: 到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。
By the end of last month, he had been on that
4. at an end 结束，终结 eg: 炎热的天气终于结束了。
The hot days are at last at an end.
The hot days come to an end at last. be at an end = come to an end 结束 短语：put an end to…=bring…to an end 使…结束 eg: 他们应该结束战争。 …… They should put an end to the war. They should bring the war to an end. …… 辨析：at an end, in the end, at the end of, by the end of
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smelly adj. 有臭味的，发臭的 Eg: His socks are smelly. 拓展： blood ─ bloody cloud ─ cloudy rain ─ rainy greed ─ greedy 词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用 作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义 动词时意为“闻” • Eg: You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.
eg: 一阵笑声 a burst of laughter 勃然大怒 a burst of anger
• event n. • （1） [C]（尤指涉及几个人的）事件，大 事 • Eg: That was an important historical event. • （2）[C]（体育比赛等的）项目，赛事 • Eg: The Olympic Games are important events in the sports world.
blood + -y = bloody 流血的 rain + -y = rainy 下雨的
cloud + -y = cloudy 多云的 wind + -y = windy 多风的