Unit 8 – Section A●Language Focus – Words in Use1. The main task for the troop there is not fighting but (arresting) the progress of the enemy army and waiting for reinforcements (援兵).2. He always anxiously summarizes the concessions which he has made but he almost always (omits) to mention those offered by the other party.3. She was an excellent teacher, whose (optional) courses on women's writing were very popular among the students.4. It will be up to the doctor's judgment whether or not the organ can be successfully (transplanted) to the child who has been waiting for it.5. Teachers can no longer use their past experiences to prepare students for their future career; (hence) , our young people need to rely on themselves.6. Accurate and inaccurate information is mixed so naturally that there are no reliable ways to tell what has been (twisted) and what has not.7. That wealthy lady's demand on a premarital agreement greatly (stung) her future husband's pride, and it ended up with his refusal to get married.8. When I opened the album, I carefully examined every photograph in (minute) detail by wearing my reading glasses so as not to miss anything.9. It seems that James has a talent for acting because he can (imitate) different teachers' speeches perfectly, which really amazes his classmates.10. Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus making the (evil) effects of smoking cigarettes truly alarming.●Word Building1.interfere2.thrill3.scarcely4.specifically5.consume6.deceive7.invade8.proceed1.interference2.thriller3.scarce4.specific5.consumption / consumer6.deception7.invasion / invader8.procession1. Multinational corporations protested strongly against any unreasonable (interference) by some countries in the free marketplace.2. At the time a real threat of a(n) (invasion) of the British Isles existed, so the British troops were gathered around the coastline to get ready to fight against an invading fleet.3. (Consumption) is relatively low, and it shows that the economic problem in the country stems from the dangerous side effects of careless politics and widespread poverty.4. The wedding (procession) was of an enormous size and enormous splendor, which was started homeward and followed by a large banquet at a luxury hotel.5. When doing writing exercises for that English course, students should remember that they are writing according to (specific) structures.6. Among close family and good friends, (deception) is the worst part of life, and we believe in practicing good faith and honesty.7. Jobs are (scarce) at the moment, so you should be realistic in your choices about the pay, working hours, medical benefits, bonuses, etc.8. The writer was thinking about writing some kind of (thrillers) because it would help him become popular through making his plot more attractive to the young.●Banked ClozeThe animal rights movement is a social movement which seeks an end to using animals in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries, (1) (hence) being called animal liberation. It advocates the idea that the most basic interests of non-human creatures should be (2) (afforded) the same consideration as those of human beings.Advocates (3) (lobby) for animal rights from different aspects, ranging from the focus on animal suffering in laboratories to the argument that (4) (insists) on not casting animals as properties of human beings. Despite the different approaches, advocates broadly (5) (consent) to the opinion that animals should be viewed as non-human members of the moral community and should be (6) (omitted) from being food, clothing, entertainment, or research subjects. The idea of (7) (awarding) rights to animals wins the support of several prominent scholars.However, some critics argue that animals are unable to enter into a social contract or moral (8) (compass) and for that reason cannot be granted rights. Only humans have duties and, therefore, only humans have rights. There is nothing wrong or (9) (evil) about using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering. From within the animal rights movement itself, there has also been (10) (criticism) of certain forms of animal rights activism, in particular the destruction of fur farms and animal laboratories.●Language Focus – Expressions in Use1. Some people have (persisted in) a traditional view that language learning is essentially the same as the learning of grammar or language rules.2. Regular review of the teaching material in school ensures that the courses provided (have relevance to) the workplace and what students will do in the future.3. Job opportunities are expanding rapidly, and more and more people are (becoming aware of) online chances that allow them to work at home.4. They have put old women in nursing "homes", (isolated from) human warmth and contact, and then complained that they had lost their mental abilities.5. Some organizations are exploiting local people (in the name of) scientific research: They are collecting genetic material for commercial purposes.6. Day care centers for the elderly (make a contribution) to overall public service; they did a lot to make the life of the old active, valuable and meaningful.7. The policeman has (been occupied with) extra duties, so he would not have the time either for answering questions or being interviewed.8. What the chairman said did not (tip the scales) much to his advantage; his statement can beonly considered as a slim chance for gaining approval.●Translation●➢英译汉The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment. The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in 1961. In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities. With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects. Its mission is to stop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater. Among other issues, it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change. They now need, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。