3
Why is economic evaluation important
• Without systematic analysis, it is difficult to identify clearly the relevant alternatives.
• The viewpoint in an analysis is important. Different viewpoints (patients, institution, government or community) can result in different choice of alternatives.
require additional tests? Are patients closely monitored?
11
Appraisal of the quality of medical evidence
• Existing medical literature
– Quality – Relevance
• Case-load, higher selective? • Expertise of medical and other staff, double
blind? Use placebo? • Existence of backup facilities, does the trial
• Types of evaluation • Components of economic evaluation in
health care
5
Types of evaluation
Types
CMA CEA
Cosurement consequences
M onetary All relevant respects
(卫生经济学课件)CEA
Introduction
• What is economic evaluation? • Why is economic evaluation important?
2
What is economic evaluation
• Economic evaluation is to identify, measure, value and compare the costs and consequences of the alternatives being considered.
8
Conditions of cost effectiveness analysis
• There is one unambiguous objective of the intervention(s) and therefore a clear dimension along which effectiveness can be assessed. For example, years of life gained, cases found.
Single or multiple
Healthy years
effects, not necessarily to or QALYs etc.
both alternatives
Same as CUA
M onetary
6
Components of economic evaluation in health care
• There are many objectives, but that the alternative interventions are thought to achieve these to the same extent (cost-minimization analysis).
9
What is effectiveness?
Resources consumed
Health care program
Cost
Consequences
Identification Measurement Valuation
Health care sector
Health state changed
Effects
Utility WTP
Patient & family
Other sectors
Other value created
Resources saved
Health care sector Patient & family
Other sectors
Global WTP
7
Cost-effectiveness analysis
• Conditions of cost effectiveness analysis • What is effectiveness • Measure of effectiveness • Cost-effectiveness analysis
• Without measurement and comparison of outputs and inputs we have little upon which to base any judgement about value of money.
4
Basic types of economic evaluation
Consequences m easurem ent None
M onetary
Single effect of interest, Natural units common to both alternatives, but achieved to different degrees
CUA M onetary CBA M onetary
• Effectiveness is the natural results of a program. it is expressed by natural unit of results, such as life -years saved, cases found, etc.
10
How to obtain the effectiveness data (1)?