2.Source of control stimulation from the environment
3. Dynamics
co-occurrence of two stimuli
4. Defining characteristics 5. Thinking and reasoning 6. Origin
sociohistorical development
The Process of Cognitive Development--Vygotsky
stage
1. Preintellectual 2. Intellectual: “naively” Psychological
characteristics
• Adaptation is an inborn tendency to adjust to the demands of the environment. The goal of adaptation is to adjust to the environment; this occurs through assimilation and accommodation.
The Process of Cognitive Development-Vygotsky
• Vygotsky felt the acquisition of knowledge was active and socially constructed rather than a passive conditioning.
3.Dominance of external sign use (“Egocentric”)
The Process of Cognitive Development-Vygotsky
• Vygotsky proposed that infants are born with a few elementary mental functions – attention, sensation, perception and memory – that are eventually transformed by the culture into new and more sophisticated mental processes he called higher mental functions.
babbling, crying; use of first words primarily as an emotional form of behavior children realize the important of language at about the age of 2 and feel the need for words. Speech fulfills a labeling function through which children begin to organize their world. speech is joined to practical intelligence. Many are used without grasping true meaning. (because, but) counting on one’s fingers is one example. Speech first merely accompanies children’s actions. Later it moves graduallyห้องสมุดไป่ตู้to the beginning of the problem-solving process and precedes action. Speech is then used to synthesize events and to plan problem-solving activities.
The Process of Cognitive Development-Piaget
Keywords explained:
• Scheme is a term used by Piaget to describe the models, or mental structures, that we create to represent ,organize, and interpret our experiences. • Cognitive Schemes: the structure of intelligence
The Process of Cognitive Development-Piaget
What is cognitive development?
Cognitive development is defined as thinking, problem solving, concept understanding, information processing and overall intelligence.
The Process of Cognitive Development-Piaget
• Organization is the process by which children combine existing schemes into new and more complex intellectual structures.
higher mental functions
categorical perception, logical memory, conceptual thinking, self-regulated attention the use of both “object stimuli” and “means stimuli” by individuals to master and control their own behaviors
• He believed that social interaction played a vital role in cognitive development firstly on a social level (between child and the world) and then on a individual level (Internally).
Organization Finish
The Process of Cognitive Development-Piaget
• According to Piaget, a child’s development progresses through 4 qualitative stages and an invariant developmental sequence-universal pattern of development, which are: • • • • The Sensori-Motor Stage (Birth to 2 Years) The Pre-Operational Stage (2 to 7 Years) The Concrete-Operational Stage (7 to 11 Years) The Formal-Operational Stage (11-12 Years and Beyond)
Characteristics of higher mental functions
a comparison of primitive and higher mental functions
primitive functions 1. Processes
simple perception, natural memory involuntary attention
What is Intelligence?
– According to Piaget, it is a basic life function that enables an organism to adapt to its environment. » All intellectual activity is undertaken with one goal in mind-cognitive equilibrium » Piaget described children as constructivist
Cognitive Development: A Comparative Research on Piaget’s Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Viewpoint
Content
• • • • The Process of Cognitive Development The Role of Language in Cognitive Development Change Agents in Cognitive Development Conclusion and Application
immediacy; bounded by concrete experience determined by natural memory limited to reproducing established practical situations biological factors
creation of new links through the individual’s artificial combination of stimuli (e.g. auxiliary stimuli) characterized by conscious awareness (of the processes), abstraction, and control abstract; conceptual; makes logical relations and generalizations