生理学专业英语词汇第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internal environment 神经调节nervous regulation 体液调节humoral regulation 旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positive feedback 组织液interstitial fluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflex arc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine 负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散simple diffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump 入胞endocytosis 易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated channel 促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor 鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白guanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-protein环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosine kinase receptor 兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位action potential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spike potential膜片钳patch clamp相对不应期relative refractory period局部兴奋local excitation时间性总和temporal summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction终板电位end-plate potential胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论sliding theory等长收缩isometric contraction完全强直收缩complete tetanus后负荷afterload 磷脂酶C phospholipase C二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor一氧化氮nitric oxide, NO兴奋excitation阈强度threshold intensity静息电位resting potential极化polarization去极化(除极化) depolarization超射overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon 绝对不应期absolute refractory period 阈电位threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation 空间性总和spatial summation量子式释放quantal release乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling 等张收缩isotonic contraction单收缩single twitch前负荷preload初长度initial length长度-张力曲线length-tension curve (肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线force velocity (relation) curve钙调蛋白calmodulin, CaM第三章血液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境hemopoietic microenvironment 血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure 渗透脆性osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF 内因子intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子blood clotting factor 外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation 纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system 爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator,BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiological hemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation 前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test 血型blood group凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血transfusion of blood components第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心室舒张期ventricular diastole 快速射血期rapid ejection period 心音cardiac sound每搏输出量(搏出量) s troke volume output 心输出量cardiac output 心房收缩期atrial systole等容收缩期isovolumic systole减慢充盈期reduced filling period 心音图phonocardiogram射血分数ejection fraction心指数cardiac index心脏作功(量) myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractory period 代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopic rhythm超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG 阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压(脉压) pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure 微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维vasoconstrictor fiber 心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonary receptor 化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brain osmoreceptor 心室功能曲线ventricular function curve 自动节律性(自律性) a utorhythmicity平台(期) plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture, preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistant vessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctive filtration pressure, EFP 舒血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE肾上腺素epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin, VP (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) 血管活性肠肽vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF 激肽释放酶-激肽系统kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素kalidin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG冠脉循环coronary circulation血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier, BBB 缓激肽bradykinin心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP 组胺histamine腺苷adenosine血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier第五章呼吸【专业英语名词】呼吸respiration吸气inspiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing平静呼吸eupn(o)ea,or quiet breathing 呼吸困难dysp(o)nea气胸pneumothorax比顺应性specific compliance气道阻力airway resistance 肺通气pulmonary ventilation呼气expiration胸式呼吸thoracic breathing用力呼吸forced breathing肺内压intrapulmonary pressure 胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure肺表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant 潮气量tidal volume, TV补吸气量(吸气储备量) inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量) exspiratory reserve volume, ERV功能残气量(功能余气量) functional residual capacity, FRC残气量(余气量) residual volume, RV肺活量vital capacity, VC时间肺活量timed vital capacity肺总量total lung capacity, TLC 解剖无效腔anatomical dead space 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率diffusion rate of gas氧合oxygenation氧含量oxygen content氧解离曲线 oxygen dissociation curve肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 深吸气量inspiratory capacity, IC用力肺活量forced vital capacity, FVC用力呼气量forced expiratory volume, FEV 每分通气量minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space气体交换gas exchange通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量oxygen capacity氧饱和度oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制inspiratory off-switch mechanism第六章消化和吸收【专业英语名词】消化digestion基本电节律basic electrical rhythm, BER 粘膜下神经丛submucosal plexus胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK抑胃肽gastric inhibitory polypeptide 唾液saliva胃液gastric juice 吸收absorption慢波slow wave肌间神经丛myenteric plexus 胃泌素gastrin胰泌素secretin营养作用trophic action蠕动peristalsis盐酸hydrochloric acid胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbonate barrier 假饲sham-feeding胃泌素释放肽gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP 肠-胃反射entero-gastric reflex胃排空gastric emptying胰液pancreatic juice胰脂肪酶lipase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胆汁bile, or gall 胃蛋白酶pepsin生长抑素somatostatin蛙皮素bombesin肠抑胃素enterogastrone容受性舒张receptive relaxation 迷走-迷走反射vago-vagal reflex 胰淀粉酶pancreatic amylase 胰蛋白酶原trypsinogen糜蛋白酶原chymotrypsinogen 肠致活酶enterokinase胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation of bile salt排便defection 分节运动segmentation contraction第七章能量代谢和体温【专业英语词汇】能量代谢energy metabolism食物的热价thermal equivalent of food 氧债oxygen debt呼吸商respiratory quotient, RQ氧热价(氧卡价) thermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应specific dynamic effect of food体温body temperature生物节律biorhythm战栗产热shivering thermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张thermal muscle tone辐射散热thermal radiation对流散热thermal convection不感蒸发(不显汗) insensible perspiration 体温调节regulation of body temperature 热敏神经元warm-sensitive neuron 基础代谢率basal metabolism rate, BMR 昼夜节律circadian rhythm生物钟biologic clock产热heat production, or thermogenesis 散热thermolysis, or body heat loss 传导散热thermal conduction蒸发(散热) evaporation发汗perspiration, or sweating调定点set point冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neuron致热源pyrogen视前区-下丘脑前部preoptic-anterior hypothylamus area, POAH第八章尿的生成和排出【专业英语词汇】尿生成urine formation球旁器(近球小体) juxtaglomerular apparatus 肾血流量renal blood flow肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate, GFR 滤过平衡filtration equibibrium分泌secretion尿的浓缩urine concentration渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis定比重吸收constant fraction reabsorption 内移(内化) internalization醛固酮aldosterone菊粉(菊糖) inulin 尿排出urine excretion致密斑macula densa管-球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback 滤过分数filtration fraction肾血浆流量renal plasma flow肾糖阈renal glucose threshold尿的稀释urine dilution球-管平衡glomerulotubular balance 回漏back leak水利尿water diuresis清除率clearance排尿micturition第九章感觉器官的功能【专业英语词汇】感觉器官sense organ适宜刺激adequate stimulus发生器电位generator potential编码(作用) encoding视觉vision视敏度(视力) visual acuity近点near point眼球会聚convergence of the eyeball 视杆细胞rod晚光觉系统 nightlight perceptive system视锥系统cone system视紫红质rhodopsin视黄醛retinene暗适应dark adaptation视野visual field气传导air conduction螺旋器(柯蒂器) Corti’s organ 感受器receptor换能作用transducer function感受器电位receptor potential适应adaptation简化眼reduced eye(眼的)调节accommodation (of the eye) 瞳孔近反射pupillary near reflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex视杆系统rod system视锥细胞cone昼光觉系统daylight perceptive system 视蛋白opsin传递蛋白transducin明适应light adaptation听觉audition骨传导bone conduction行波理论travelling wave theory(耳蜗)微音器电位(cochlear) microphonic potential前庭自主神经性反应vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉quilibrium sensation嗅觉olfactory sensation, or smell 皮肤感觉cutaneous sensation温度觉temperature sensation 眼震颤nystagmus味觉gustatory sensation, or taste 触-压觉touch and pressure sensation 痛觉pain第十章神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动nerve impulse 神经营养性因子neurotrophin, NT 顺向轴浆运输anterograde anxoplasmic transport逆向轴浆运输retrograde axoplasmic transport兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP突触后抑制 postsynaptic inhibition突触前易化 presynaptic facilitation回返性抑制 recurrent inhibition强直后增强 posttetanic potentiation敏感化sensitization长时程抑制 long-term depression, LTD 突触前抑制presynaptic inhibition传入侧支性抑制afferent collateral inhibition 可塑性plasticity习惯化habituation长时程增强long-term potentiation, LTP突触延搁synaptic delay非突触性化学传递non-synaptic chemical transmission电突触传递 electrical synaptic transmission局部神经元回路local neuronal circuit, LNC交互性突触reciprocal synapse神经调质neuromodulator递质共存coexistence of transmitters同源脱敏homologous desensitization 胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber毒蕈碱样作用muscarine-like action烟碱样作用nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体muscle-type nicotinic receptor儿茶酚胺catecholamine肾上腺素能纤维adrenergic fiber 局部回路神经元local circuit neuron, LCN串联性突触serial synapse神经递质neurotransmitter调制作用modulation突触前受体presynaptic receptor异源脱敏heterologous desensitization胆碱能受体cholinergic receptor毒蕈碱受体muscarinic receptor烟碱受体nicotinic receptor神经元型烟碱受体neuronal-type nicotinic receptor 多巴胺dopamine, DA肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin谷氨酸glutamic acid, or glutamate 非条件反射unconditioned reflex辐散状联系divergence connection后放(后发放) after discharge多突触反射polysynaptic reflex非特异投射系统non-specificprojection system γ-氨基丁酸γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA 条件反射conditioned reflex聚合状联系convergence connection单突触反射monosynaptic reflex特异投射系统specific projection system 感觉柱sensory column网状结构上行激动系统ascending reticular activating system本体感觉peoprioception皮层诱发电evoked cortical potential 牵涉痛referred pain脑电图electroencephalogram, EEG自发脑电活动spontaneous electric activity of the brainα波阻断alpha blocking脑电觉醒electroencephalogram arousal 快波睡眠fast wave sleep, FWS快速眼球运动rapid eye movements, REM 最后公路final common path腱反射tendon reflex肌梭muscle spindle随意运动voluntary movement锥体系pyramidal system脊休克spinal shock屈肌反射flexor reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity翻正反射righting reflex静止性震颤static tremor意向性震颤intention tremor交感神经sympathetic nerve 行为觉醒behavioral arousal慢波睡眠slow wave sleep, SWS 异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS 上行抑制系统ascending inhibitory system 牵张反射stretch reflex肌紧张muscle tonus梭内肌纤维intrafusal fiber运动柱motor column锥体外系extrapyramidal system 姿势反射postural reflex对侧伸肌反射crossed extensor reflex 状态反射attitudinal reflex震颤麻痹paralysis agitans舞蹈病chorea小脑性共济失调cerebellar ataxia副交感神经parasympathetic nerve下丘脑调节肽hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统limbic system情绪反应emotional reaction饱中枢satiety center假怒sham rage奖赏系统reward system惩罚系统punishment system动机motivation操作式条件反射operate conditioned reflex 长时性记忆long term memory失写症agraphia失读症alexia失用症apraxia 本能行为instinctual behavior摄食中枢feeding center格斗-逃避反应fight-flight reaction防御反应区defense zone趋向系统approach system回避系统avoidance system强化reinforcement短时性记忆short term memory运动失语症motor aphasia感觉失语症sensory aphasia一侧优势laterality cerebral dominance 裂脑split brain第十一章内分泌【专业英语词汇】内分泌endocrine自分泌autocrine允许作用permissive action增量调节(上调) up regulation远距分泌telecrine神经激素neurohormone亲和力affinity减量调节(下调) down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH促性腺激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH生长素释放抑制激素(生长抑素) growth hormone releasing-inhibiting hormone, GHRIH,or somatostatin生长素释放激素growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH催乳素释放抑制因子prolactin releasing-inhibiting factor, PIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放抑制因子 melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing-inhibiting factor, MIF促黑(素细胞)激素释放因子melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促卵泡激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促黑(素细胞)激素melanophore stimulating hormone, MSH催乳素释放因子prolactin releasing factor, PRF促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropin, ACTH胰岛素样生长因子insulin-like growth factor, IGF黄体生成素luteinizing hormone, LH催乳素prolactin, PRL生长素介质somatomedin, SM甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸) thyroxin, or 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodoythyronine, T4甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone, PTH1,25-二羟胆钙化醇1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol文档从网络中收集，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 盐皮质激素mineralocorticoid雌二醇estradiol, E2应急反应emergency reaction胰高血糖素glucagon褪黑素melatonin, MT第十二章生殖【专业英语词汇】文档从网络中收集，已重新整理排版.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.9word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 生殖 reproduction 睾酮 testosterone, T 抑制素 inhibin 排卵 ovulation 月经周期 menstrual cycle 孕激素 progestogen 妊娠 pregnancy 着床 implantation 生精作用 spermatogenesis雄激素 androgen,or androgenic hormone 生卵作用 oogenesis月经 menstruation雌激素 estrogen孕酮 progesterone, P 受精 fertilization分娩 parturition人绒毛膜促性腺激素 human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG。