短语动词分类研究Verb + At1) 与表示“看”的动词连用：look at 看) glare at 怒目而视)gaze at 凝视) stare at 凝视，注目于)glance at 匆匆看，扫视) peek／peep at 偷看，窥视) gape at 目瞪口呆地看) peer at 盯着看)wink at 向…使眼色call at 看望，拜访2）跟表示“不友好”、“敌对”意义的动词连用:shout at 骂，对…大声嚷嚷throw… at 用…砸talk at 含沙射影地说(某人) laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑run at 扑向，向…扑过去point at （恶意地）指着strike at 朝…猛打过去charge at 冲向，扑向fire at 朝…开火jeer at 嘲笑，嘲弄kick at 朝…踢punch at 用拳猛击shoot at 向…射击rip at 撕（扯）…tear at 撕扯…3) 与及物动词连用，表示“努力、尝试(做某事)”drive at 意指，表示…的意思get at 抓住，够得着catch at 设法抓住clutch at试图抓guess at 试着猜hint at 暗示grab at 试图抓住grasp at 设法抓住knock at 敲(门)labour at 孜孜不倦地学或写，苦干nibble at/on 一点点地啃或学keep at 坚持(做)，work at 努力干/学Verb ＋Away1) 表示“离去，去远处”和“隔离，分离”：drive...away 把…赶走edge away 悄悄离开go away 消失；离开look away 扭头看别处move away 飞走，开走，驶走send away 将…送走或赶走，打发走挽救slip away 悄悄溜走shut away (from) (与…)隔离，把…关起来stay away 不接近，远离stray away from (从…)偏离throw away 把…扔掉，放弃tuck away 隐藏(自己)turn away 转身走；转过脸去turn sb. away 将某人赶走wipe away 擦去2）表示“慢慢地、渐渐地”：waste away 日益衰弱，日趋消瘦wear away 渐渐磨损；（时间、精力）渐渐流逝boil away 汽化；煮干fade away 悄悄走开；逐渐消失3）表示“不再拥有，失去”：idle away 虚度（光阴）while away 消磨（时间）give away 赠送，送掉，把…白白送人pass away 过去，消失4) 表示“连续不断地”：labour away 不停地劳作knock away 不停地敲fire away 不停地开火shoot away 不停地射击kick away 不停地踢drink away 喝个不停eat away 吃个不停mutter away 不停地自言自语chip away 凿个不停burn away 不停地燃烧laugh away 笑个不停type away 不停地打字write away 写个不停work away不停地工作5) 表示暂时不用放在一边贮存起来：put away 放在一边; 攒(钱)，积攒store away 贮存Verb + up1) 表示“由水平面向垂直或直立的运动”、“由低到高”：go up 上涨，增长；被炸上天heat up 变热hold up 举起(手)；延误，耽搁look up ①仰视，抬起头，向上看；②查阅，查询move up 上移pick oneself up 站起身来pick up ①(成绩)上去，提高②捡起，拾起；pull oneself up 艰难地站起来pull up ①将…拉起来②(车辆)停住put up ①举起(手等)；②搭起，建起，send up 把…送上去spring up涌现，发生，(突然)出现step up 加快，改进stick up (笔直)竖着，举起string up 用绳吊起，绞死take up 拿起，举起work up 向上爬，逐渐上升，逐步发展bring up 培养，养大；提起，提出catch up (on) (在…方面)赶上去，赶上来keep up 跟上，不落后2) 与表示“消费、摧毁”意思的动词连用，意即“彻底、光、完”：drink up喝完eat up吃光finish up 彻底干完burn up 烧光use up用光break up破裂，驱散；分手split up 分裂tear up 毁坏，破坏follow up 把…探究到底，穷追到底3) 表示“积存”、“从少到多”、“积少成多”：gather up收拢, 收集store up储备save up 积攒lay up 储备collect up收集起来round up收集，赶拢，召集build up逐渐聚集,加强，集结pile up 堆起；积累buy up 渐渐买下4) 表示“包住”、“封起”、“监禁”、“盖住”：cover up掩盖，掩饰seal up 封存do up包扎好, 捆好lock up锁起来tie up捆起来wrap up裹起来5) 表示“进入活跃、激动、高兴、自信、坚定等状态”：wake up 醒来blow up 刮起，吹拂light up (使)容光焕发，满面春风，神采奕奕liven up 使活跃起来heat up 逐渐加热，热起来warm up 使气氛活跃起来show up露面，到场, turn up露面，出现sit up 迟睡，熬夜6）表示某个动作的“结束”或“结果”：pay up 付清heal up (伤口)愈合close up (使伤口)愈合clean up 彻底打扫clear up (天气)放晴；清理fill up灌满, 装满open up开直draw up起草，草拟dry up 干涸，干枯boil up （水）烧开fix up （事情）搞定，安排好，做好patch up 缝补好sum up总结take up①从事，着手处理，开始(干), ②占(空间、时间)end up结果，结束wind up结束,完结make up①构成，组成，形成②虚构，编造，杜撰mix up ①把…搞混；②配制，调制back up ①(使)倒退或倒车②支持dress up 穿上盛装，打扮roll up 卷起，把…打成卷set up ①使就位；②提出，建立，成立，开办size up 估计(…的大小)，估量；打量verb + off1) 表示“离开、走开(away)”和“不接触，远离(at a distance, away from)”：hurry offdrive offrun offgo offwalk offsee offsend off 寄出；送走set off 出发，动身start off出发，动身let off 饶恕，对…网开一面make off 逃跑keep offgive off 散发出，发出block off 堵住fight off 抵抗，击退slip off 偷偷地离开2) 表示“渐渐地(gradually)，慢慢地(slowly)”:cool off 渐渐冷却, wear off 渐渐消失trail off 渐渐变弱3) 表示“分离、脱离、切断(disconnected, removed)”和“终止(end)”:fall offcome offrip offtear offlay offgive offring offbreak off (停工)休息，终止；断绝leave off 停止pull off 脱下put off脱下，脱掉，摆脱brush off 抹掉call off 取消knock...off 把…价格减下来cut off 砍下，剪掉；打断；（from）切断，中断,，go off 停止，中断，消失shrug off 耸肩以示对…不屑理睬shut off 关掉turn off关掉pay off 付清switch off关掉take off 摘下，脱去throw off 抛弃，扔掉work off 消除，摆脱shake off 甩掉, 摆脱level off 变得平稳；(车辆)平稳行驶show off 当众炫耀，出风头Verb ＋Down1) 表示“下来或下去、倒下”或任何向下或下降的动作或趋势：break down 撞掉，打破，毁掉bring down ①使降下来；②打倒,击败；击落chop down 砍伐，砍倒come down in the world 败落come down to 降至，降到cut down 削减，砍掉；砍断，砍下get down 取下(物品)go down 下降，降低keep down控制住knock down 撞倒; 拆毁let down 放下去run down 撞倒pull down 拆毁push down 压低，压塌put down 放下slow down 减速，放慢，(使)缓下来tear down 拆掉(建筑物)turn down 关小,把…调低talk down 用话语贬低(…的价值)，压(价)2) 表示写到“纸上”，即抄下、记录：jot down 草草记下lay down（以法律、法规）规定put down 记下set down 记下，记录take down记下，记录write down 记下3) 表示“从暴力/激动状态到平静状态(与up相反)”和“情绪低落(sad, depressed)”:die down 渐渐变弱，（声音等）渐渐消失put down 镇压，平定settle down 安置下来，安家let down 使失望turn down 拒绝track down (对…)追查到底；跟踪找到；追寻Verb + Fora)跟某些动词或动词词组连用，表示旅行的目的地:start, set out, leave, sail, make, head, take off(起飞), depart, steer等：start out for出发去set out for出发去leave for动身去make for朝…走去head for走向sails for驶往b)for表示目的，一般表示“为了得到”某物：ask for 要求得到beg for 乞讨hunger for渴求得到yearn for盼望(得到)starve for渴求得到thirst for渴望得到long for渴求得到wish for希望得到hope for 希望得到reach for伸手拿pay for 付钱买apply for申请要search for寻找，搜寻look for寻找hunt for追寻，猎取seek for寻求，追求call for需要，要求enter for报名参加send for派人去请wait for等待press for 催着要run for竞争(得到)，竞选sign for 签收watch for 注意，小心pray for (为…)祈祷；祈求(得到)come in for 接受(遗产、检查、治疗、采访等)c)for表示原因，与特定的动词连用：criticize 批评praise 表扬compliment称赞blame责备reward酬劳scold责备punish惩罚imprison囚禁denounce谴责condemn谴责reproach责备try审判prosecute起诉arrest逮捕apologize抱歉thank感谢admire羡慕责mourn哀悼verb ＋foraccount for 解释,说明；是…的原因,, compensate for 补偿，弥补make up for 弥补，补偿fend for oneself 照料自己go in for 从事(某种活动) mistake...for 把…误认为pass for 被认为是…，被当做…provide for 抚养，提供生计；为…提供,set aside for 为…留出或抽出(时间等)；把…搁在一边settle for 接受，得到stand for 参加…的竞选；代表；支持stand up for 维护，拥护，支持，vote for/against 投赞成票/反对票Verb ＋Out1) 表示“出”之意：blurt out 脱口而出bring out拿出，掏出；使…显露出来call out (to) (向…)大声叫嚷，大声说出来clean out 清理出，打扫come out （出版物）面世，（被）出版(bring out) count out 数出；点…的数cry out 大喊, 大叫cut out 削减，减去dig out 掘出，发现dish out 舀出，用盘子把…分出来draw out 拔出，掏出fish out 找出，搜出force...out 用力将…抠出来get out 写出give out 分发出hand out分发出hold out 伸出(手)lay out 摆出，展出，安排lend out 借出，贷出make out看出，辨认出mark out 划分出move out 搬出pick out 挑选出；认出point out 指出，解释(说)pull out 拿出，拔出，掏出,put out 伸出；发布，发放出reach out 伸出(手)，伸展send out ①发出(电报等) ②派出(去)，放出，散发出,set out ①出发；②摆出来single out 挑选出来，选拔出spread out 伸展stand out 突出step out 出列，站出来stretch out 伸展，展现turn out 出动，出现；生产，制造win out 胜出，最终获胜write out 开出，写出2）表示“熄灭、灭绝、灭亡;（痕迹）消失、不见”come out （颜色）褪去strike out 擦掉knock out 把…打晕go out 熄灭put out 扑灭，使熄灭die out （物种）灭绝cross out 除去leave out 省去，去掉，忽略rule out 排除，取消run out 到期，用完，耗尽smooth out 把…弄平3) 表示“彻底、完全”：try out 试验fill out 填写wear out (使)耗尽，(把)用坏，磨损，穿破，wipe out 彻底消灭，摧毁4) 表示“结果”：break out 爆发，发生carry out 执行，履行；实现come out 结果是，原来是,证明(是) turn out 结果是，原来是,证明(是) puzzle out 琢磨出think out 想出（方案、解决方法）figure out想出；弄明白，理解find out 发现，查明make out 弄明白，理解work out算出，解决(难题)burst out ( v-ing ) 突然…起来help out (关键时刻)帮忙，临时帮忙Verb ＋Over1）表示“对全部内容从头到尾地、彻底检查、过目等”：check over 核对，检查go over 研究，检查，查看；复习，浏览look over 检查，查看；复习pass over 浏览read over 从头至尾读完think over 仔细考虑talk over商量，反复讨论turn over 反复考虑2）表示“从直立到摔倒或弯曲”：fall over 倒下，跌倒knock over 打翻，撞翻run over 撞翻，撞倒turn over (使)打翻，(使)倾倒3) 表示“从一人/边/页到另一人/边/页”：hand over移交win over 争取过来take over 占据; 接管turn over to 移交给，转交给get over 从…中恢复过来；克服(困难)；忘却，Verb + against/apart/aroundbalance...against... 将…与…权衡fight against 和…作斗争guard against 防范，警惕，提防hope against hope 抱一线希望lean against 靠在…上plot against 阴谋反对rest against 靠着say...against 以…理由反对set...against (使)和…对立，使反对stand against 反对turn against 转而反对，与…反目成仇win against 赢，打败break...apart 把…拆开/分开，折断drift apart (两者)漂离，(感情)疏远keep...apart 使…分离，使…不能相聚pull apart 拉开,拉断take...apart 拆开，拆散bring sb. around 说服某人(改变主意)carry around 随身携带come around 再度降临，顺便来访feel around 到处摸fool around 嬉戏,不务正业go round 运转，旋转；流传go around with 经常陪伴某人，与(异性)约会hang around/about 无所事事地等待；四处闲逛lead round带路，带头；带…到处转look (a)round 到处看，环顾，四处看mope around 百无聊赖revolve around 围绕…辩护、做文章roll around 满地乱滚Verb ＋Backbring back 把…带回，使…回想起恢复draw back 退缩fight back 遏制住hold back 遏制住look back (over) 回顾push back 使后退放弃土地；赶回，推回，send back 发回，送回set back 使推迟进程，耽误stand back 置身于一定距离之外考虑事情take back 带/接…回家turn back 转回来，挡回verb ＋bygo by (时间)消逝，过去，消逝judge by 根据…来判断pass by ①〔委婉〕死亡(②路过，通过(；无视pass...by 从…经过；不理睬slip by 流逝stand by 旁观swear by 极其相信swing by 路经tell by 根据…判断Verb ＋Throughbreak through 突破，攻破，突围, 破裂bring sb. through 使…渡过病危期或难关come through ①传来；经历…仍活着②通过, 经过cut through 穿透，凿穿，穿过，flick through 随手翻阅，浏览go through 经历live through经历, 经历…仍活着pass through 穿过，经过，路过，plow through 艰难地读完；刻苦钻研pull through 使…渡过难关；挨过，熬过，拖过run through 遍布于，贯穿查找，查阅skim through 浏览(书、文章等)sweep through 横扫，传遍think through 仔细考虑thumb through 翻阅Verb ＋Onact on 按…行事agree on 就…达成一致bet on 就…打赌blame...on 把责任推给build on/upon 以…为基础；把…建立于；指望call on ①拜访，看望②请求…干某事carry on 继续进行catch on (to) 开始理解并利用，掌握catch on 看穿centre on 集中在，把…集中在,check on 检查，查对，核实comment on 对…作评价或评论count on 指望，依靠decide on 决定，定好；决定使用，选用depend on 取决于,descend on 突然访问disagree on 对…持有不同看法draw on 动用dwell on 老想着，考虑economize on 节省，节约exist on 靠…生活或生存feed on 以…为食；靠…而生活；〔喻〕靠…生存或发展(Igo on (正在)发生或进行have...on 穿着hop on 跳上keep on 不断地(干)；继续，坚持live on 靠…生存、生活、糊口)look on/upon 观看，旁观move on ①继续前进；②离开，出发operate on 给…做手术pile on 堆在…之上put on ①穿上，戴上；②给某人接通电话③增加(体重)rely on 依靠，依赖rest on 基于，依赖，将…靠在sit on 扣押(信件等)，延误，耽误step on 踩死switch on 打开(开关)，接通(电源)take on 呈现；具有；承担(责任、工作等)try on 试穿；试用，试验turn on 打开转而攻击wait on 伺候，服侍work on/at 写(书)，修理等；学习D. verb ＋adv. ＋oncreep up on 悄悄降临fall back on 求助于，转而依靠get out on 泄漏look down on 看不起walk out on sb. 离开、遗弃某人B. verb ＋noun ＋onfocus one’s eyes on 将眼光集中于focus one’s mind on 将注意力集中于…have bearing on 和…有联系lay eyes on 看到，看见lay one’s hands on 拿到，得到place emphasis on 重视，强调pride oneself on 自夸put emphasis on 强调set foot on 踏上set limits on 对…加以限制take pity on 同情，怜悯throw light on 揭示，说明，解释清楚throw the blame on 把责任推给Verb ＋FromA. adjective/adverb ＋fromapart from 除…之外,aside from 〔美〕除了…之外be detached from 对…漠不关心或冷淡be made from 由…做成或制成far from 远非，根本不是free from 没有，免于，不受…的影响B. verb ＋fromarise from 由…造成break away from 脱离与…的关系check...from 遏制，制止depart from 从…叉开，偏离derive from 从…得到；起源于，来源于differ from 与…不同或相异free...from 释放import...from 从…进口keep from 不(干)；抑制，控制；阻止keep...from 阻止干，阻碍干，使…免于make...from 用…制做prevent...from 阻止…(干)，防止…(干) protect...from 保护…免遭refrain from 忍住，不，别result from 由…引起或造成save...from 使…免于separate...from 把…同…区分开来shelter from 不遭受，(使…)免遭spot...from 从…辨认出stem from 来源于，suspend sb. from 中止某人做某事take...away from 剥夺，从…手中夺走tell...from... 把…与…区分开来Verb ＋Inbelieve in 信奉，相信(有)，信任break in 闯进来bring in 带入，提供call in 请来，叫来confide in 信任，相信；向…吐露秘密consist in 在于end in 以…告终或结束excel in 在…方面很擅长fill in 填写，填入hold in 控制住(感情)，抑制住indulge oneself in 沉溺于instruct...in (在…方面)指导，教育lie in 在于，mess around in 干预，插手participate in 参加，加入，参与，persist in 坚持pull in 驶入，停靠，停住rest in 在于result in 导致，造成settle in (使)安顿下来share in 分享slip in 悄悄溜入specialize in 专门从事step in 介入，干涉succeed in ( v-ing ) 成功地干take in 欺骗吸入，接受，吸收,摄入,turn in 呈上，上交，交(作业等)；拐弯进入turn oneself in 自首usher in 迎接，开创，宣告Verb ＋Intobreak into 突然…起来break into/in 破门而入，非法闯入burst into 突然闯入；非法闯进；突然…起来0，check into 核查，核对classify...into 把…分类为convert...into 把…转换成crowd into 拥入cut into 侵犯(利益)，打断(讲话)dip into 翻一翻(书)drop into 跌入，落入fall into 渐渐地进入分成，属于force sb. into doing 强迫某人干，迫使某人干freeze into 冻结get into 得到，获得go into 从事，进入(某个行业); 投入look into 调查，研究；看，注视，pass into 进入，成为pull into (车辆)驶进run into 与…相撞，碰撞；碰见sink into 下陷，陷入，（牙）咬进slip into 渐渐养成talk sb. into doing 劝某人干…trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事Verb ＋Of A. verb ＋ofapprove of 赞同，同意，赞成become of 怎样(用于问句) consist of 由…组成despair of 对…丧失信心die of 死于disapprove of 不赞成dream of 梦想，渴望give of oneself 贡献，付出hear of 听到，得知speak of 谈及，说到,提到，tire of 讨厌，对…感到厌倦或腻味，treat of 探讨，论述B. verb ＋object ＋ofaccuse sb. of sth. 责备，控告break sb. of 使某人戒掉或摆脱avail oneself of 利用clear...of 清除convict...of 判…犯有…的罪demand...of sb. 向某人要求deprive...of sth. 剥夺…某人的某物expect sth. of sb. 向某人指望某事relieve sb. of sth. 解除，使…减轻remind...of 使…想起require...of sb. 向某人要求某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西Verb ＋To A. verb ＋toadd to 增强，增加，增添，扩建admit to ( v-ing ) 承认amount to 做成事，成功appeal to 吸引attend to 处理cling to 紧紧偎依；贴近；紧握come to ( n. ) ①达成，达到；②醒悟，苏醒；③总共，总计；④出现在…的脑海里contribute to 对…出一份力，对…起作用fail to 不能，没有，不fall to 下降到，变成get to ( v-ing ) ①开始(干)，②到达happen to ( v-to ) 碰巧(干)，偶然(干)lead to 导致，造成，引起look to 展望；指望，lose to 输给object to 反对open to 对…开放point to 暗示, 启发, 使人联想react to 对…作出反应refer to 指，表示；提到，谈到；参考relate to 同…有关系revert to ( v-ing ) 回复，回到(原来的状态) see to 安排，照料stick to 固守，坚持，不放弃switch to 转向tend to 倾向于，常常turn to 转向，变成，成为used to ( v-to ) 过去经B. Verb ＋sth. ＋toadapt...to 使适应，使适合attach...to 把…贴/系在…上attribute...to 把…归因于devote...to ( v-ing ) 在…上花费(时间、精力等)，expose...to 使暴露于gear...to/towards sth 使某事适合某种需要或达到某种标准lead...to 使…(干)，导致…(干)owe...to 把…视为…起因，把…归功于reduce...to 将…归纳为suit...to sth./ sb. 使…适合于某物或某Be ＋Adj. ＋Tobe accustomed to 习惯于be alert to 对…警觉be apt to ( v-to ) 倾向于…，易于…be attached to 贴在…上的；对…爱慕，依恋) be bound to ( v-to ) 肯定，一定be compared to 与…相比之下be converted to 皈依be destined to 注定要(干)be determined to ( v-to ) 决心(干)be devoted to 献身于…，致力于…be entitled to 有权享有，有权得到be exposed to 与…接触，受…的影响be familiar to sb. 对…来说很熟悉be given over to 沉溺于be immune to 不受…的影响be inclined to ( v-to ) 倾向于(干)be irrelevant to 与…不相关be keen to ( v-to ) 渴望be likely to ( v-to ) 很可能(干)be loyal to 忠实(于)，忠诚(于)be obliged to ( v-to ) 被迫(干)be prepared to ( v-to ) 准备好(干) be reduced to ( v-ing ) 被迫(干)be similar to 与…相似be subject to 从属于；可能；遭受be superior to 优于，好于，be supposed to ( v-to ) 应该做be sure to ( v-to ) 务必，一定；肯定be used to ( v-ing ) 习惯于be willing to ( v-to ) 愿意干11。