境外肿瘤护理发展对我国的启示泰山医学院护理学院刘化侠随着肿瘤学的发展，肿瘤护理已成为一门专门的护理学科。
1976年英国RoyalMorsden肿瘤专科医院和美国Sloan一KaHering癌症医院，为加强国际间肿瘤专科护理的协作，会聚于伦敦，决定由Sloan一KaHering医院出版癌症护理杂志，由RogalMarsden医院组织召开国际肿瘤护理会议。
1978年，《癌症护理》杂志正式出刊，同年在伦敦召开了第一届国际肿瘤护理会议，以后每两年举行一次。
以上这两件大事推动了肿瘤护理事业的发展，不少国家相继建立了自己的肿瘤护理组织。
随着癌症成为全球的公共卫生问题，肿瘤护理逐渐发展为一门学科。
在20世纪70年代在美国发展，首先出版杂志《肿瘤护理论坛》，之后86年出版《cancer nursing》(肿瘤护理)1.境外肿瘤护理的发展史。
国际肿瘤护士协会(IsNCC)于1984年成立。
它的基本任务是推动和发展国际肿瘤事业;传播肿瘤理论与知识，组织召开国际肿瘤护理会议;出版杂志、通讯，促进信息交流;与其它国际组织密切协作，提供咨询。
本协会主席RobertTiffany 被聘请为UICC和WHO的专家组的成员，1989年又荣任国际护士会理事。
国际肿瘤护士协会的理事会由21名理事组成，按世界自然区划分，欧洲、北美、中南美洲，中东和非洲，运车和澳洲等五大区各设三名理事。
1988年，我国护士代表被推选为理事。
早在七十年代，国际抗癌联盟(UICC)与美国抗癌协会(ASC)合作，为不少国家培训了肿瘤专科护士。
1978和1980年，UICC和wHO与国际护士会(ICN)两次举行会议，制定肿瘤护理教育计划，并明确护士在肿瘤防治中的作用。
UICC每四年举行的国际肿瘤会议，过去没有护士参加。
1978年第12届会议在布谊诺斯艾利斯举行，在会议主席Abalcanonico博士倡导下，第一次邀请护士参加。
1982年护士代表第一次在第13届会议上报告论文，阐明了对癌症实施“整体护理”的发展方向。
1.1 美国：美国癌症护理协会肿瘤护理专业发展概况▪肿瘤护理专科的定义：肿瘤护理专业覆盖广泛的护理，从癌症预防，到急性期、康复期、舒缓和支持护理。
肿瘤护理的主要责任和义务：针对各种患者制定个体化的计划；与肿瘤学科团队密切合作，达到可以实现的健康目标；与肿瘤同事和其他义务人员分享知识和经验；研究和识别肿瘤相关的问题；开展肿瘤研究改善癌症患者的治疗；创造支持性环境，给癌症患者希望和士气；治疗期间提供患者和家属希望得到的信息；密切监护患者的进展；记录患者的癌症药物或特殊治疗的反应。
Pediatric Oncology Nursin儿科肿瘤护理1940年代发展为一门亚专业，护士与肿瘤专家一起工作，被教授肿瘤护理实践。
早期只是为病人提供舒适护理。
到1960年代，儿科肿瘤护士开始实施高级实践技能。
儿科护理是第一个制定癌症护理标准的专业。
（Read more: The History of Oncology Nursing | /facts_7284897_history-oncology-nursing.html#ixzz1YwHjUauj）肿瘤护理组织---国际肿瘤护士协会▪The International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care (ISNCC), founded in 1984, is an international federation of:National cancer nursing societiesRegional cancer nursing societiesOncology institutionsIndividual cancer nurse practitioners, researchers, and educators 国际肿瘤护士协会▪Globally, ISNCC represents over 60,000 cancer nursing professionals.ISNCC is a non-governmental member of the World Health Organization (WHO) and is affiliated with the International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)国际抗癌联盟美国：肿瘤护理论坛Oncol Nurs Forum（1977-）▪Oncology Nursing ForumPublished/Hosted by Oncology Nursing Society. ISSN (printed): 0190-535X. ISSN (electronic): 1538-0688.▪The mission of the Oncology Nursing Forum (ONF) is to convey information related to practice, technology, education, research, and leadership; promote a positive image of oncology nursing; print timely articles; and stimulate discussion of critical issues relevant to oncology nursing.▪影响因子 2009年： 1.907美国：癌症护理--Cancer nursing（1978-）▪近四年影响因子▪2010年：2.065▪2009年：1.878▪2008年：1.705▪Breast cancer: the psychosocial issues.▪Thomas SG.▪Cancer Nurs. 1978 Feb;1(1):53-60.▪Facilitating home care for children dying of cancer.▪Martinson IM, Armstrong GD, Geis DP, Cancer Nurs. 1978 Feb;1(1):41-5▪A preoperative teaching program for the thoracotomy patient.▪Cimprich B, Gaydos D, Langan R.▪Cancer Nurs. 1978 Feb;1(1):35-9.欧洲肿瘤护理杂志European Journal of Oncology Nursing▪Facts & Figures▪Impact Factor: 1.1495-Year Impact Factor: 1.770Issues per year: 5美国：儿科肿瘤护理Pediatric Oncology Nursing（1985-）▪Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing(JOPON) is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly journal offering pediatric hematology, oncology, and immunology nurses in clinical practice and research, pediatric social workers, epidemiologists, clinical psychologists, child life specialists and nursing educators original research and definitive reviews on the whole spectrum of nursing care of childhood cancers, including leukemias, solid tumors and lymphomas, and hematologic disorders.▪▪Impact Factor: 0.897Ranked: 51 out of 88 in Nursing,160 out of 184 in Oncology and 48 out of 85 in Nursing美国儿科肿瘤护士协会▪APHON is the professional organization for pediatric hematology/oncology nurses and other pediatric hematology/oncology healthcare professionals. Its members are dedicated to promoting optimal nursing care for children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer and blood disorders, and their families. APHON provides the leadership and expertise to pediatric hematology/oncology nurses by defining and promoting the highest standards of practice and care to the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult communities▪4700 W. Lake Avenue, Glenview, IL 60025-1485美国肿瘤护士认证机构The Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation (ONCC) offers several different options for board certification in oncology nursing The ONCC offers six options for certification:▪Basic:OCN: Oncology Certified NurseCPON: Certified Pediatric Oncology NurseCBCN: Certified Breast Care Nurse▪Advanced:AOCN: Advanced Oncology Certified NurseAOCNP: Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse PractitionerAOCNS: Advanced Oncology Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist▪Oncology nurse practitioners are advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who have master's degrees.▪美国肿瘤护理协会：出版3本杂志Oncology Nursing Forum, Cancer Nursing, and Seminars in Oncology Nursing肿瘤护理研究：ONCOLOGY NURSING RESEARCH▪The development of oncology nursing research to guide oncology nursing practice has been extraordinary over the past 25 years. From a modest beginning in the 1970s,▪nursing research evolved in the 1980s to the identification of research priorities, companion studies in cooperative group clinical trials, as well as initial programs of research and funding.肿瘤护理的研究内容1994年美国肿瘤护理学会(ONs)调查肿瘤护理研究重点及研究形式. 问卷结果随机寄往10%的ONS成员和ONS领导小组、高级护理研究专家组的成员。