简单句的五种基本结构
主语部分
谓语部分 陈述的内容
陈述的对象
一个完整的句子都由两部分组成：
陈述对象+陈述内容
陈述对象一般是由名词或相当于名词的成分来充当，
被称做主语。
陈述内容则是说明主语怎么样了，都是用动词来表
述，被称之为谓语。
※写英文句子时，通常就要写出主语，还要写出谓
语；既要有“陈述对象”，又要有“陈述内容”， 这样才能表达一个完整的意思。
a song + 宾语
主语 +
We sing a song. We sing a wonderful song. We often sing a wonderful song. We often happily sing a wonderful song. We often happily sing a wonderful song before the class.
根据汉语翻译排列句子
1. 孩子们最初从家里学习社会技能。 from their family, children, social skills, learning, start Children start learning social skills from their family. 2. 二手经验与一手经验同样重要。 firsthand experience, as, secondhand experience, is, important, as Secondhand experience is as important as firsthand experience.
主语+谓语（vi.）
The sun
rise
不及物 vi.
主语 +
The sun rises. The sun rises in the east. Everyday the sun rises in the east.
主语+系动词+表语
I
become
系动词 （be）
a teacher
主语 +
+ 表语
5. 传记比小说更能激发我的兴趣。 a novel, my interest, than, stimulates, more, a biography A biography stimulates my interest more than a novel. 6. 人们穿制服时往往表现得不同。 people, wear uniforms, tend, when, to behave, they, differently People tend to behave differently when they wear uniforms.
主语+谓语 (vt.) +间接宾语+直接宾语
主语
I
+
及物 vt.
+ 宾语
him a book
give 及物 vt.
主语 +
+ 间宾 + 直宾
I gave him a book. Yesterday I gave him a book. Yesterday I gave him a book in the class.
主语+谓语 (vt.) +宾语+宾补（对宾语的补充说明）
主语
I
+
及物 vt.
+ 宾语
him lost
find 及物 vt.
主语 +
+ 宾语 + 宾补
I found him lost. Yesterday I found him lost. Yesterday I found him lost when I arrived home.
3. 环游世界需要大量的时间和金钱。 a lot of, traveling, time and money, around the world, requires Traveling around the world requires a lot of time and money. 4. 我们所有人都要对空气污染负责。 are, all of us, responsible, air pollution, for All of us are responsible for air pollution.
把下列词语排列成正确的英语句子
1. a fish, we, ate We ate a fish. 2. gave, the book, Mary, to her father Mary gave the book to her father. 3. for the money, Simon, newspapers, sells Simon sells newspapers for the money. 4. found, the, they, boy, dead They found the boy dead. / They found the dead boy. 5. the, the, boy, dog, loves, black The boy loves the black dog. / the black dog loves the boy. / the black boy loves the dog. / the dog loves the black boy.
16. I found the book easy. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 17. Tom found Jim an apartment. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 18. We found John a loyal friend. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 19. I will find you a good teacher. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 20. I find you a good teacher. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 21. She will make him a good wife. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 22. She will make him a good husband. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
I became a teacher. I became an English teacher. I became an English teacher after I graduated.
五种基本结构
①主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语
② 主语+谓语 (vt.) +间接宾语+直接宾语
③主语+谓语 (vt.) +宾语+宾语补足语
7. 现在，学生经常在课堂上给朋友发短信。 their friends, nowadays, send, during their classes, frequently, text messages, students Nowadays, students send their friends text messages frequently during their classes. 8. 我想去一个我能够学习新文化的国家旅行。 a new culture, where, travel to, I can, I would like to, learn, a country I would like to travel to a country where I can learn a new culture.
动词的分类
动词
实义动词
助动词 情态动词
be, do, have
can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must
及物 vt.
不及物 vi.
谓语
及物 vt.
系动词 （be）
不及物43;宾语
we
sing
及物 vt.
④主语+谓语（vi.） ⑤主语+系动词+表语
总结
动词构成了一个句子的骨架结构，决定
了一个句子是否有宾语、有几个宾语
以及其他句子成分。在学习英语单词
时，要特别关注动词的用法特点。
动词是英语的灵魂。
找出下列句子的主语部分和谓语部分
1. Studying English takes time. 2. The first step is always the hardest. 3. Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun. 4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 5. A poor man is not necessarily unhappy. 6. A good knowledge of grammar is important to good writing. 7. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 8. Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 9. The early bird catches the worm. 10. The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
判断下列句子属于何种句型并翻译成汉语
1. Times flies by. 主语+谓语 2. It slipped my mind. 主语+谓语+宾语 3. I can’t stand the heat.主语+谓语+宾语 4. Fools seldom differ. 主语+谓语 5. I sent you an E-mail. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 6. It cost me three dollars. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 7. Old habits die hard. 主语+谓语 8. You can leave the door open.