动词-ing 形式动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。
如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。
如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。
如:It’s no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
二、动词-ing用作宾语1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 意义差别不大的动词，常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。
3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 但意义完全不一样的，常见的有：forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。
4. 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。
devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to, be crazy about, be tired of, succeed in, have difficulty in等。
三、-ing形式作定语1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
如：printing factory = a factory for printing; the shopping center = the center for shopping;tiring music = music that is tiring; a surprising result = a result that is surprising2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
四、-ing形式作宾语补足语1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。
如：When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：1）、表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, smell, feel, hear, find, notice, observe, catch, look at, listen to等。
2）、表示指使意义的动词：have, leave, set, keep, get 等。
五、-ing形式作状语-ing作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。
现在分词在句中作状语,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1.–ing 形式作时间状语Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.While walking along the road, Cruse caught sight of a poor dog.Having finished the work, they went out for a walk. 2.–ing 形式作原因状语Being ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday.Having finished my work ahead of time, I was allowed to go home.Not knowing hi s phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him.3.–ing 形式作结果状语The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.4.–ing 形式作条件状语Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a wood.5.–ing 形式作伴随状语I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.6.–ing 形式作让步状语Working or reading, she always did her best.= Whether she worked or read, …Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously.= Although he was not a rich man, …1. On ____( return ) home, he found his mother seriously ill.2. He suggested _______( have ) a basketball game next week.3. Don’t waste time ______ ( mourn).4. Who needs ______( look ) after?5. There is no need _______( say ) again.6. He advised _______( read ) the novel again.7. No ________( spit ).8. He felt sorry for ____( not having helped, having not helped) her.9. We regretted ____( being unable to come, being not able to come ).10. I remember ___ (not taking, taking no, taking not ) key out.11. He came to the party without ____ (ask) me.12. He came to the party without ____ (ask).13. Has she suggested _____( having done, doing) it again?14. I am sorry I couldn’t help them though I said I would .I apologize for ___( having not kept, not keeping ) my promise.15. They don’t like _____( Lin Pin, Lin Pin’s, his, him, he ) coming to help.16. ___(Mary, Mary’s, her ) coming here made us much delighted17. He has devoted himself to ____( study ) the problem of old age.18. Have you got used to _____ ( live ) in the country?19. They came ______(fall ) in love with each other.20. We get ____ ( realize ) that he is an honest man.21. I hate ____( say ) it, but I don’t like you plan.22. I hate ____( cheat ) in the exam and ____ ( lie ) in our day life.23. ___( Repairing , The repairing ) cars is expensive.24. ___ ( Repairing , The repairing ) of my car is expensive.25. We need some salt. Can you help do _(the, / ) shopping?26. She should give the room ___( a, / ) good cleaning.27. Every day we do ___( some, / ) reading in our classroom.1.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. to be writtenB. writtenC. being writtenD. having written2.The children insisted ______ there on foot.A. they goingB. they would goC. on their goingD. going3.He still remembers ____ to Shanghai when he was very young.A. takingB. being takenC. takenD. having taken4.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.A. leading; finding; leadingB. to lead; found; to leadC. led; finding; ledD. leading; found; led5.I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the AtlanticOcean in five days.A. to have sailedB. to sailC. sailingD. sail6.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face.A. movedB. movingC. movesD. to move7. While shopping, people sometimes can´t help ______ into buying something they don´t really need.A. persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded8. There was terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed9. Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .A. come; permittedB. coming; permittedC. coming; being permittedD. to come; being permitted10.¬——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?——Yes,and I heard this song ___ in English.A. sing; singingB.sung; sungC. sung; singingD.singing; sung11.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.A. discussed; discussedB. discussing;had discussedC.being discussed;discussedD. discussing;discussing12.With the cooking ____ ,I went on ____ some sewing.A.done; to doB.being done;doingC.to be done;doingD.to have done;doing13.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.A.regrettingB.regretC.to regretD.regretted14.I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. you’re calling15.Climbing mountains was ____ ,so we all felt ____ .A. tiring; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring; tiringD. tired; tired16.There is a river ______ around our school.A. to runB. runC. runningD. to be running17.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taken 18.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set ______ when I got home.A. lying; stolenB. laying; stealingC. lay; stolenD. lying; stealing19.He was always listened ______ in the next room.A. singB. sungC. to singD. singing20.Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing21.The day we looked forward to ______ .A. comeB. comingC. has comeD. have come22.The government forbids ______ such bad books.A. publishedB. to publishC. publishD. publishing23. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ____ my car.A. repairingB. repairC. to repairD. repaired24. It’s no good ____ over split milk.A. to cryB. cryingC. criedD. cry25. Have you forgotten _____$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bringB. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringingD. borrowing; bringing26. The classroom wants _____.A. cleanB. cleanedC. to cleanD. cleaning27. Jack said that he wouldn't mind _____ for us.A. to waitB. waitC. waitingD. waited28. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. A. to help B.help C.helping D.helped29. We should often practise ___ English with each other.A. to speakB. spokeC. speakD. speaking30. Keep on ___ and you will succeed.A. a tryB. tryC. tryingD. trying31. His parents insist on ____ to college.A. he should goB. he goC. his goingD. him to go32. The story was so funny that we _____.A. couldn’t help laughB. can’t but laughC. couldn't help laughingD. couldn’t help but to laugh33. How much time did you spend ____ the text?A. copyingB. to copyC. in copyD. on copying34.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth ______.A. being boughtB. buyingC. to buyD. buying it35. The novel is well ____.A. worth to readB. worth being readC. worthy to readD. worthy of being read36. The farmers were busy _____ cotton.A. to pickB. pickingC. with pickingD. pick 37．——I usually go there by train.——Why not _____ by boat for a change?A. try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. to try going38. They set out ____ for the ____ boy.A. searching; losingB. searching; lostC. to search; lostD. searched; losing39. The student sat there, ____ what to do.A. doesn’t knowingB. didn’t knowingC. not knowD. not knowing40. He sat there _____ , with his head on his hand.A. and thinkB. thinkingC. thoughtD. being thought41. The ____ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; addingC. visiting; addingD. visited; added42. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ___.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on43. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from one of his friends, ___ him to write an article, and he accepted.A. having invitedB. invitedC. to be invitedD. inviting44. Finding her car stolen, _________.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help45. ________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.A. Since the key has lostB. The key been lostC. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key46. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing47. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make48. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received49. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A. Not knowingB. knowing notC. Not having knownD. Having not known50. ____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed1._______ (scold) a child will do more harm thangood.2._______ (swim) is one of the best all-roundexercises. It keeps me in good shape.3.It is a waste of time ________ (discuss) suchmatters with him.4.He suggested ________ (take) my daughter to thezoo the next Sunday.5.We don’t allow _______ (smok e) in the classroom.6.When you feel cold, try to keep your body ______(move).7.The girl _________ (write) a letter is theprofessor’s daughter.8.Entering the room, I found Mary ______ (sit) atthe desk and playing the computer games.9.Women ________ (look) after small children inthis city usually get paid by the month.10.The teacher ______ (teach) us English is MissZhou.11.I notice a long queue outside the ticket office_____ (wait) for it to open.12.The girl watched his father ______ (shave) his facewith great interest.13.The children _______ (practise) playing the violinover there will give a performance next week. 14.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。