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c. Feeling tired ，I went to bed early.
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4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？
当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，且分词表示的 动作由主语承受．
Having been beaten by the farmer, the horse went away.
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
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2.现在分词何时用完成形式？
当分词的动作是由主语发出，而 且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分 词的完成形式．
Having finished the class, she went home.
=After she finished the class…
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Having been cut off from their source of supply, the guerrillas camped in the open and live on wild plants.
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1.现在分词何时用一般形式?
⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且 和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一 般形式．
He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
=Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
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现在分词作状语相当于状语从 句可表时间，原因，方式，伴 随情况，结果或条件等
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(1)相当于原因状语从句
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-ing短语作状语称为现在分词 短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语时，通常 都表示主语正在进行的另一动 作，来对谓语表示的主要动作 加以修饰或作为陪衬．
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Reaching home, he began writing a melody for it.
Walking out of the room, he found the boy still there.
Arriving at the hotel, she found them busy laying tables.
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.
Don’t just stand there doing nothing.
The ing-form used as adverbial
现在分词作状语有四种形式
1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去
分词构成
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Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
=As he had worked…
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When he saw those picture ,he couldn’t help thinking f those memorable days in the war.
=Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days in the war.
a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today.
=As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t
go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,…
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⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动 作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立 即发生,也用分词的一般形式.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
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3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
当分词的动作由主语承受，而且 分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生 时．
Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
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