形容词性物主代词
定语
Your book is on the table.
名词性物主代词
主语
Mine is on the shelf.
宾语
I will take mine along with me today.
of 连接的 The book with a black cover is another one of mine. 定语
形容词（adjective）
定语
The yellow sweater is mine.
（形容词大部分情况下和现在 分词、过去分词差不多，充当 定语、表语、宾补还有状语）
表语
Mine sweater is yellow
宾补
I want to color the sweater yellow.
状语
I arrived home, hungry and cold.
形容词如果前面加上 THE，这 主语 样又变成类似于名词的东西
The new will replace the old.
宾语
We should respect the old and love the young.
副词（adverb）
状语
He was driving rather fast.
介词的宾 I have got a gift from abroad. 语
过去分词 (过去分词其实有点象 定语 形容词)
Students from disadvantaged families are not confident.
表语
I'm interested in this language.
补语
I had my hair cut last week.
状语
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
表语
We are behind in our plan.
代词（pronoun）
人称代词
主语、宾 I like her, and I enjoy living with her. 语
表语
The one who broken the glass is her.
介词的宾 Don’t forget to reply to me by email. 语
翻译 4：环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。 错误的句子：environmental problem has been the focus of public concern. 错误 1 problem 可数名词，要加冠词或者复数 错误 2 be 是表示“是”的意思，强调状态，要用“become”，强调变化 正确的句子：The environmental problem has become the focus of public concern. 句子结构： 主语+系动词（become）+表语（the focus）
表语
The book in the bag is hers
指示代词
主语
It/this/that is a lovely story.
宾语
There is a problem about the computer , I will settle it.
表语
Who is that speaking
定语
These/those cloths are old fashioned.
如果名词是 不可数名词
书）
选择 4：零冠词（可能是固 Every student has the opportunity to go to college. 定的搭配）
选择 1：零冠词
Water is vital to life. （世界上的水都是重要的）
选择 2：定冠词 the（特 指）
The water in this lake is now polluted. （特指这个湖的 水）
His success has encouraged me to further my study.
被动 无 无 This job has been finished. I have been given a good opportunity.
I have been encouraged to further my study.
使用方法：
自己先翻译一下，对照准确的句子 记住句子中出现的词伙，熟悉其用法和语境 熟悉基本的句型(里面不少句子是十大基本句子)，确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择
和写出准确的单句 注意观察错误的句子，因为这些句子一般都是常见错误，可以提高你对语法错误的敏
感 最后，如果有兴趣，可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下，不仅熟悉这句话，也可以
介词（preposition）
表语
The story is about his own life.
虚词不能单独成为句子成分， 一般以介宾短语的形式出现
定语
He told us the reason for being late.
状语
There is a new bridge across the river.
翻译 2： 依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。 错误的句子：Rely heavily on calculators will have negative impact on human beings` mental arithmetic. 错误 1 rely 是动词，不能充当主语 错误 2 impact 可数名词，要有冠词。 错误 3 human beings 多余，不是人类莫非是动物么？ 正确的句子： Relying heavily on calculators will have a negative impact on mental arithmetic. 句子结构： 主语+及物动词+宾语(impact) 也可以用现在分词扩充： The excessive reliance on calculators is likely to have an adverse impact on children's mental arithmetic and pose a threat to their intellectual development.
选择 2：不定冠词
English is an important subject.
选择 3：定冠词 the（很多 He brings a book wherever he goes. （他去哪里都带
时候是特指）
着书，可能是任何一本书）
He brings the book wherever he goes. （是一本特定的
主+不及物动词 主+系动词+表语 主+及物动词+宾语 主+及物动词+间接宾语+直 接宾语
主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 足语
Hale Waihona Puke 主动 This problem exists. This is a problem. I have finished this job. This company has given me a good opportunity.
提高口语表达的能力
NB： 基础差的同学经常会死背，那样是不会提高的。最好通过翻译提高语法（譬如说分 析句子的成分，熟悉单词的词性）
翻译 1：经常做运动会提高人的自信
错误的句子：Exercise regularly can rise one's confidence. 错误 1 Exercise 如果这里是动词，应该用动名词，如果是名词，不能用副词修饰 错误 2 rise 不及物动词 正确的句子：Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence. 句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence) 可以用定语从句扩充： Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly. 注： 不可以说“regular doing exercise”，因为形容词 regular 不可以修饰 doing 中文翻译：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。
词性
名词（noun）
可以充 当的成 分
主语
宾语
同位语
定语
表语 宾补
动词（verb）
不及物动词 vi
谓语
及物动词 vt
谓语
动名词 gerund 和 不定式 （这些词其实和名词差不多, 充 当类似的成分）
主语
宾语
表语
现在分词 (现在分词其实有点象 定语 形容词)
状语
表语
例句
Happiness is important to us We pursue happiness in our lives. We pursue many things, such as happiness, in our lives. Distance education is beneficial to those who have a heavy workload. My sister is a nurse. Legislation should make drink driving a criminal offence.
中文翻译：过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威 胁。