Lesson 4 An exciting trip词汇学习1.区分：（1）exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；The news is exciting.这新闻让人兴奋exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩.（2）excited adj. 兴奋的-ed: 自己感到/ -ing:令人感到I am excited. 我很兴奋（3）excite v. 激动（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……）The news excited me. 这个消息使我兴奋。
类似用法：interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的interesting man, The man is interesting.interest v.对……感兴趣The book interests me.那本书让我感到很有趣2. receive v. 接受, 收到vt. 接到，收到，得到When did you receive that letter?你什么时候收到那封信的？receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。
receive/have a letter from sb.accept 同意接收This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn't accept it.今早我收到一束一个男生送的花，但我没有接受区分：take则是主动的“拿”、“取”I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. 我送叔叔那拿了一支漂亮的笔。
My brother took it from me yesterday. 我哥哥昨天从我这拿的。
take 也可以作收到take the exam 接受考试；take advice 接受建议3.firm（1）n. 商行, 公司law firm法律公司（2）adj 结实的，稳固的The car is very firm.区分firm中小型公司；company n. 正规公司；business商行4.a great number of +可数名词复数= a great many +可数名词复数a great number of cars, a great many people区分：a great amount of +不可数名词a great amount of money5.different adj. 不同的① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。
My room is different from yours.② adj. 各种各样的，不同的This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。
5.abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用）go abroad 去国外live abroad 国外定居study abroad 国外学习正文：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. Hehas been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.课文知识点：1．I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。
同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。
在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。
他是我最好的朋友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
2．He has been there for six months.I have arrived in Beijing. （arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）has been + in 地点He has been in Beijing for one year. 他已经在北京呆了一年了。
He has been in America for tow years. 他已经在北京呆了两年了。
3．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.work for 在……上班/任职，强调work.I am working for a school. 我在学校上班。
work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班）I am working in the New Oriental school. 我在新东方上班。
work at 上班She works at a department store. 她在百货商场上班4．He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.has gone to 去了某地没回来has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方5．From there, he will fly to Perth.from there:从那地方起from 既可以加时间又可以加地点from half past 8 to half past 11. from Beijing to Tianjingfrom now/ then on 从现在/那时起fly to Perth = go to Perth by air 6．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. before 在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。
find +宾语+形容词做宾补find the room clean find her happy下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt怀疑;不相信;不能肯定，see，hear，know，understand，belong属于，think，consider 考虑,细想，feel，look，seem似乎，show，mind 注意,留意,记住要，have，sound，taste 尝到,感到;体验，require 要求,命令，possess 拥有,持有，care 关心;担心;在乎，like，hate 仇恨,憎恨，love，detest厌恶,憎恶，desire渴望;要求语法知识点：现在完成时：1. 表示一个动作发生在过去但对现在仍然有影响。
常与表不确定时间的状语或表一段时间的时间状语连用。
2. 时间状语:ever（曾）never（未曾）already（已经）yet（仍、还）just （刚刚）lately（最近）before（以前)so far （到目前为止）for + 时间段since + 时间点3. 汉语意思表：已经4．基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）5. 表一段时间的时间状语, 不能和点动词(非延续性)连用.I have lived/been here for four years.He has just retired.He has already retired.Has he retired yet?He hasn’t retired yet.I have bought this book for ten months. （×）I have got this book for ten months.一、延续性动词延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。
常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。
二、终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词，它表示的动作不能延续，也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。
常见的这类动词有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。
注意区分一般现在时与现在完成时动作时间一般过去时动作发生在过去，现在已停止。