专题01 名词与冠词1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract).【答案】attraction【解析】句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说,大熊猫是最大的吸引。
形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed...【答案】days3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve).【答案】achievement【解析】句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。
介词of后应用名词作宾语。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.【答案】studies【解析】句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。
study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为sh ow,说明主语应用名词复数studies。
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】句意:一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。
根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。
6.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.【答案】enemies【解析】句意:任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。
根据常识可知,此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”,故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
7.(2016·浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.【答案】payments【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。
前面有形容词late修饰,此处应用名词形式,payment可用作可数名词,所以用复数形式。
8.(2016·浙江,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite,rather than divide us.【答案】differences【解析】句意:当我们学会“求同存异”,而不是“分崩离析”的时候,我们就能获得很多。
物主代词our后面接名词,这里是指“我们的差异”,所以用复数形式。
9.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.【答案】the10.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a【解析】句意:你可以先出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。
for a while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1 望词生义例1. We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)答案:requests 解析:本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。
句意:我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。
attempt尝试;request要求,请求;doubt怀疑;promise保证,允诺。
由语境可知,只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes,即:答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。
平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】名词词义辨析是高考的热点,主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力,因而在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。
如近几年高考中常出现的:(1)expectation(期望);reputation(声誉);contribution(贡献);civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿);occupation(职业);adaptation(适应,改编);appreciation(欣赏)易错起源2 误用冠词例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.【名师点睛】1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。
2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day 等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。
4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。
7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。
8.用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子,但懂得很多。
9.用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。
by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工10.用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).老师走了进来,手里拿着书。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词例3.His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.A./;a;the B.the;the;aC./;the;a D.a;the;the【答案】A【名师点睛】1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。
2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
用于形容词最高级前意为“很,非常”。
We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。
He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。
3.用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。
4.在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。
5.用于of短语中表示“同一”(=the same)。
Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。
易错起源4 名词固定搭配例4.The smallest good habits can make a big ________.【名师点睛】高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“动词+名词”和“介词+名词”。
如:have a good reputation,take advantage of和in great demand, in quantity.在处理此类题目时,一要读懂句子的题干意义,二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。