activities in the community, including
education, work, consume, recreate, and
other community and home activities) （ED IE Implementation Guide
教育署融合教育實施指引）
(to accept;
扶持
to include)
(to support)
養分 (Nourishment)
Hong Kong’s Diversity （香港的多元化）. . .
是正常的現象 (natural). 值得我們接受與分享
(appreciate and celebrate).
是我們共同努力的方向
1973 – P.L. 93-112 Sec. 504 (Nondiscriminatory treatment)
美國近代融和教育趨勢
1975 – P.L. 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act--Free, appropriate, public education in least restrictive environment (LRE) (Mainstreaming 回歸主流)
融合教育：理論與實踐
(Inclusive Education: Theory and Practice)
Ming-Gon John Lian 連明剛 Faculty of Education University of Hong Kong
今日的學校環境 Today’s school environment
融合教育乃是世界性潮流 (Global Trend)
1993 – 聯合國通過「弱能人士機會均等標準」 UN Equal Opportunity Standards
1994 – The Salamanca Statement 1994 - 世界特教會議研究推廣融合教育模式
The World Special Education Council’s IE Model 1995 – The UK Green Paper on Excellence for All Children
美國早期的情形 (in U.S.)
1950 State Board of Education vs. Petty - A deaf child was ruled to attend special school instead of public school because this child had a physical defect and “necessarily must” receive a different type of instruction than one who ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้as not handicapped.
珍惜多元化 (treasuring diversity). 建立共同社會 (building community). 我們的能力 (our “abilities”) – 分享我們
的天賦. 而非我們的殘疾缺陷 (is NOT just a
“disability” issue). ()
美國早期的情形 (in U.S.)
1936 – State vs. Christ - A polio victim was ruled to stay in special school because of his inability to meet the standard of the grade school.
美國早期的情形 (in U.S.)
1958 Department of Public Welfare vs. Haas There was an implied "capacity to learn" attached to the right to an education; public schools were not responsible to provide education to handicapped children.
Inclusion 是關於 . . .
有完整的人生 (living full lives). 學會共同生存 (living together). 以世界為我們的教室 (making the
world our classroom).
()
Inclusion 是關於 . . .
1960s- Civil rights movement (民權運動)
1964 – President’s Committee on Mental Retardation 1971 – PARC vs. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1972 – Mills vs. Board of Education (Zero rejection)
美國近代融和教育趨勢 (in U.S.)
1954 – Brown vs. Board of Education (If the state
provides education for some, it should provide education for all on an equal opportunity basis)
(effort and aim).
“融合” (inclusion)一 詞. . .
是指向有特殊教育需要的人士提供機會，讓 他們能夠全面參與社會上各式各樣的活動， 包括教育、就業、消費、娛樂、社區及家庭 活動。(Providing opportunities to persons
with SEN for them to fully participate in all
= 我們共有的特 (things
we share in common)
= 每一個人獨有的 特色 (uniqueness of
each individual person)
Inclusion is (融合的理念是). . .
團隊
經驗
精神
分享
(team spirit)
(sharing of
包容
experience)