Unit 4Sharing阅读词汇1.airmail n. 航空邮件2.fortnight n. 两星期3.roof n. 屋顶;车顶4.muddy adj. 泥泞的;泥土般的5.bucket n. 水桶;吊桶;提桶6.rectangle n. 矩形;长方形7.rectangular adj. 长方形的;矩形的8.broom n. 扫帚9.jar n. 罐;广口瓶10.sniff vt.&vi. 嗅;闻;用鼻子吸11.interpreter n. 作口译的人12.leftover n. 剩余物;残留物;剩饭adj. 剩余的13.toast vt. 烤(面包等);敬酒n. 烤面包(片);吐司面包;干杯b n. 梳子vi. 梳(发)15.astronaut n. 宇航员;太空人16.catalogue n. 目录17.seed n. 种子;萌芽18.financial adj. 财务的;金融的;财政的19.trunk n. 树干;躯干;大衣箱20.clinic n. 门诊部;小诊所识记词汇1.textbook n. 教科书;课本2.weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)3.relevant adj. 有关的;切题的4.remote adj. 遥远的;偏僻的语法1. adjust v.调节;调整;(使)适合归纳拓展①adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应……②adjust to sth.∕doing sth.适应(做)某事③adjust oneself to 使自己适应于④make an adjustment 作出调整完成句子①例如,你一登上飞机就开始把你的生物钟加以调节以适应目的地的时间。
For example,the moment you get on the airplane,start adjusting your biological clock to the destination’s time.②当孩子出国留学时,他必须学会适应独立生活。
When a child is studying abroad,he must learn to adjust himself to living on his own.③Adjusting to an upright position(调整到直立的位置)was quite achallenge,especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.(2019江苏,任务型阅读)归纳拓展部分短语中 to 为介词,后接名词、动名词、代词作宾语。
2.participate vi.参与;参加;分享归纳拓展①participate in 参加;参与②participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担某事③participate in (doing) sth. with sb.同某人一起参与(做)某事单句填空①Sixty-four percent of those survey participants (participate) who haven ’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.②Participate in discussion forums,blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.(2019全国Ⅲ,七选五)3.otherwise adv.用别的方法;其他方面;除此之外conj.否则;不然归纳拓展①otherwise作连词,常放在祈使句后面,相当于or或or else。
②otherwise常用于含蓄条件句中,与虚拟语气连用。
③or otherwise 或相反完成句子①她感到不舒服,不然她不会那么早离开会场的。
She wasn’t feeling very well.Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.②观众的任何意见,无论是褒是贬,我们都欢迎。
We welcome any comments from viewers,favourable or otherwise.③Only about one in ten places offered him food that would otherwise be discarded (否则可能会被抛弃的).(2019年6月浙江,完形填空)otherwise常常表示否定的条件,或者说表示与前述内容相反的条件。
这个否定条件可以是现实的,也可以是假想的、虚拟的。
在前一种情况下,含otherwise 的分句谓语动词用陈述语气,在后一种情况下,用虚拟语气。
otherwise的用法和意义有时相当于or。
如: We must hurry,otherwise we’ll miss the train.我们必须快点,否则会错过火车。
(真实)They (must have) liked the apartment,otherwise∕or they wouldn’t have stayed so long.(虚拟)他们(一定)喜欢这个公寓,不然他们不会待这么久。
4.donate vt.捐赠;赠送归纳拓展①donate sth. to sb.∕sth.向某人∕某事捐献某物②give∕make∕present a donation to...向……捐赠③collect donations (for) (为……)募捐单句填空①Volunteers came with carloads of donated(donate) clothing and toys.②Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.③All donations(donate) will be gratefully received.5.operate vi.工作,运转;动手术vt.操作完成句子①这台机器很容易操作,任何人在几分钟之内就能学会使用。
This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.②她目前在医院里,明天要给她做手术。
She is in hospital and will be operated on tomorrow.③这项法令将于今年晚些时候实施。
The Act will come into operation later this year.6.relevant adj.有关的;切题的与……有关的表达方式有:完成句子①我觉得他说的和我们正在讨论的话题不相关。
I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.②他所做的和他所说的联系不起来。
What he does can’t be related to what he says.③Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information (不提供不相关的信息).(2019全国Ⅲ,七选五)e across偶然遇到或发现,碰见;被理解归纳拓展①come along 一起去,赶快,出现②come at向……袭来;得到③come into effect 生效④come into force∕use 开始使用⑤come into existence 出现,诞生,成立⑥come into being 形成用come的短语填空①万一你偶尔碰到了从飞驰的汽车中扔出来的废纸,捡起来。
Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.(2018年6月浙江,七选五)②当合适的机会来临时,她会抓住它。
When the right opportunity comes along,she’ll take it.③新的时刻表明天生效。
The new timetable will come into effect tomorrow.2.be dying to 渴望;极想归纳拓展完成句子①这些山区的孩子们渴求知识。
These children in the mountainous area are dying for knowledge.②他们渴望养育更多的孩子。
They were eager to raise more children.③那是一个你渴望已久的世界吗?Is that a world you long to see?3.in need 在困难中;在危急中归纳拓展①in need of需要②satisfy∕meet one’s needs满足某人的需要③There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事完成句子①她创建了一个网页,将需要帮助的幸存者和施助者直接联系在一起。
She created a website page,matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.②没必要为已经发生的事感到后悔。
There is no need to regret what has happened.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的,而是给那些确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
归纳拓展①句中not...but...意思是“不是……,而是……”,连接两个表语。
not...but...连接两个平行成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。
②not only...but (also),either...or...,neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词按“就近一致”原则确定。
完成句子①……问题不在于缺乏手段来满足你的欲望,而是缺乏欲望;不是不能满足你的品味,而是你没有足够的品味。