人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit 12345OneFriendship一、重点短语1.go through经历,经受get through通过;完成;接通电话2. set down记下,放下3. a series of一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in orderto 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7.face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9.join in参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10.calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from遭受12. be/gettired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along wellwith 与…相处融洽15. be good at/dowell in 擅长于…16.find it +adj.to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer/ not…any longer不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)muchtoo 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20.it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…makesb.do sth.使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
一般前后要加引号。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Blacksaid thathewasbusy.变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思例:1. Hesaid,“ I like itverymuch.”→Hesaidthat he like dit very much.2.He said to me,“I’v left mybook in your room.”→He toldmethat he had left hisbook in my room.时态的变化例:“I don’twant tosetdown a series of factsina diary,”said Anne.→Anne said that she didn’t wantto set down a series of facts in adiary.The boy said, “I’m using aknife.”→Theboysaidthat he was using aknife.▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He saidthat lighttravels much fasterthansound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化(二) 祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。
例:Thehostess saidto us,“Please sit down.”→The hostess asked usto sit down.He said,“Don’tmake somuch noise, boys.”→He told theboys not to make somuch noise.(三)疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。
例: “Do youthinkadiarycan become your friend?”the writer says.→Thewriter asks us if we think a diary canbecome our friend.2)特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。
例:“What do you want?”he asked me.→He asked mewhat I wantedUnittwo English around the world一、重点短语1. be differentfrom 与…不同bethe same as 与…一样2. one another 相互,彼此(=eachother)3. official language官方语言4. atthe end of在…结束时5. because of 因为(后接名词或名词性短语)because 因为(后接句子)6. nativespeakers说母语的人7.be basedon 根据,依据8. at present目前;当今9.especially 特别,尤其specially 专门地10.makeuse of利用…make thebestof充分利用…11. a largenumber of大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)the number of …的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)12. in fact =actually=as a matter of fact事实上13. believe it ornot 信不信由你14. there is no suchthing as…没有这样的事…15. be expected to…被期待做某事16. play a part/role in …在…起作用17. make lists of…列清单18. included包括(前面接包括的对象)Including包括(后接包括的对象)19. commandsb.to do sth.命令某人去做某事command+that 从句(从句用should+V原)20.request sb.todo sth. 要求某人做某事request +that从句(从句用should+V原)二、语法----英语中的命令(command)语气和请求(request)语气命令语气:表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级例:1. “Look at theexample”,the teacher said to us.2.Open thewindow!请求语气:表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌例:1. “ Wouldyou like toseemyflat?” She asked.2. Would youplease openthe window?Unit3 Traveljournal一、重点短语1.travel----泛指旅行journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage----指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行tour----指周游,巡回旅游,2.prefer to 更加喜欢,宁愿preferAto B比起B,更喜欢Aprefer doingto doing 比起做…,宁愿做…preferto do rather than do与其做…,不如…3.flow through 流过,流经4. ever since自从5.persuadesb. todo sth. 说服某人做某事6. be fond of喜欢7. insist on doing 坚持做某事insist+ that从句(用should+ V原)8.care about关心9. change one’s mind改变想法10. altitude 高度attitude态度,看法11. make upone’s mindtodo下定决心做某事=decide to do= makeadecisiontodo12. give in让步,屈服giveup 放弃13. be surprised to …对…感到惊奇to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是…14. at last = finally = in theend最终15. stoptodo停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一样17. so…that 如此…以至于…So+adj + a/an +n.+ thatSuch +a/an +adj. +n.+ that18.be familiar with 对…熟悉(人作主语)be familiarto为…所熟悉(物作主语)二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有:come/go/ leave/arrive/ travel /take / stay/ d o等.例:1.I’m coming. 我就来2. what areyou doingnext Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?3.Ihear that youaretravelling alongMekongRiver.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行4.Where are you stayingat night? 你们晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes一、重点短语1.rightaway 立刻,马上(=at once =in no time)2. asleep睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)sleep睡;睡眠sleepy犯困的3.it seems that/as if…看来好像… ;似乎4.in ruins成为废墟5.the number of …的数量(谓语动词用单数)a number of大量(谓语动词用复数)6. rescue workers 营救人员Cometo one’s rescue营救某人7. be trapped 被困8.how long 多长时间howoften 多久,指平率how soon还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)9. hundreds of thousandsof成千上万的10. dig out挖出11. shake----泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”例:1. She felttheearth shakingunderhim.2. She was shaken with anger.quake---- 指较强烈的震动,如地震例: The building quakedonits foundationTremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例:Suddenly I saw her lips begin totremble andtears begin toflow down her cheeks.Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例:A sudden gust of coldwind made meshiver.12. rise(rose—risen)----vi, 上升;升起, 无被动语态;giverise to 引起Raise(raised—raised)---- vt,举起;筹集;养育Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)13.injure----常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例:He was injuredin acar accident.harm----泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例:1. Hewasafraidthat hisfury would harm the child.2. Hisbusiness was harmed for some reason.hurt----既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害例:1. She hurt her leg when shefell.2.He felthurt at your word.wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例:The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. beprepared for …= makepreparations for…为…做准备15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念Be/feel honoredto do …做…感到很荣幸16.make/give/ deliver aspeech 发言openingspeech 开幕词17. give/provide shelterto…向…提供庇护所seek shelter from…躲避18. happen to+ n./ pron. 遭遇,发生happento dosth.偶然;碰巧happen----指偶然发生take place----指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法----定语从句概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。