V ol. 25 No.9Sep., 2013化 学 进 展PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY第25卷 第9期2013年9月Contents1 Introduction2 Cancer statistics3 The current status of cancer prevention and control 3.1 Strategies and policies for cancer control and中国癌症流行病学与防治研究现状曾红梅 陈万青*（中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 全国肿瘤防治研究办公室 北京 100021）摘 要 癌症是影响我国居民健康的主要慢性病之一，列城市死因的第一位，农村死因的第二位。
本文对我国近几十年来癌症的流行状况、发病负担进行了概述。
结果显示由于我国老龄人口的增加，消化道癌症发病负担依然严重，而与环境和生活方式密切相关的癌症如肺癌、乳腺癌等近年来显著增加。
预计在未来几十年内，我国癌症发病率和死亡率将整体继续呈上升趋势。
沉重的癌症负担需要采用综合化的防治策略来解决。
本文阐述了我国的癌症防治政策、体系建设和癌症数据监测情况，介绍了近几十年来在我国癌症高发现场开展病因学预防及早诊早治工作的历史经验，概述了全国范围内癌症防控现状，为今后癌症防治工作提供参考。
关键词 癌症 趋势分析 预防控制 癌症筛查中图分类号：R730.1; R18 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-281X(2013)09-1415-06 Cancer Epidemiology and Control in China: State of the ArtZeng Hongmei Chen Wanqing *(National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital& Institute, Beijing 100021, China) Abstract Cancer has been a major challenge for public health in China. It ranks first among all causes of death in urban areas, and second in rural areas. This paper present the latest cancer statistics of China. The incident number of gastrointestinal cancers is still high and the burden of lung cancer and breast cancer are increasing. The trend indicates that the overall cancer burden would still be severe with the rapid development of China and aging population. Addressing this challenge requires comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches. The current status of cancer control polices, structures, and cancer registration in China are described. National cancer control plans has been carried out by Ministry of Health since 1986. National program of cancer registry has been set up. In 2012, the number of population-based cancer registries has expanded to 222, covering populations with 200 millions. In areas with high risk of cancer, they have held systematic programs of cancer control. Many places such as Linzhou and Cixian have shown a down-trend of cancer incidence and mortality. The successful experiences in areas of high risk of cancer also promote the nationwide cancer campaign. The prevention programs include tobacco control, immunization against hepatitis B for infants and children, and cancer early detection and diagnosis. This paper provides considerable scope and motivation for future work on cancer control and prevention. Key words cancer; trend analysis; prevention and control; cancer screening收稿：2012年12月，收修改稿：2013年6月*Corresponding author e-mail: chenwq@· 1416 ·化 学 进 展第25卷图 1 1989—2008年中国肿瘤登记地区癌症发病率变化趋势Fig. 1 Trend analysis of cancer incidence in cancer registrations of China, 1989—2008 CR: crude incidence rate, ASR:age standardized rate by world populationprevention3.2 Systematic construction for cancer related agencies3.3 Cancer registry and surveillance3.4 Experiences of cancer control in areas with high risk of cancer3.5 Nationwide cancer control programs 4 Conclusion and outlook1 引言癌症是严重威胁人类生命和社会发展的重大疾病，运用科学的方法对癌症进行预防控制已成为全球最重要的公共卫生问题之一。
近几十年来，随着疾病模式的转变和人口老龄化趋势，我国癌症负担日益增加，癌症防治面临严峻的形势。
本文概述了我国癌症流行状况及预防控制现状，以期为今后癌症研究和防治工作提供重要参考。
2 我国癌症流行概况自上世纪起，癌症发病人数日益增加，政府也对癌症日益重视。
我国三次全国范围内的死因调查数据显示，近30年，中国癌症在死因中的构成比由20世纪70年代的10.13%上升至22.32%（表1），死亡率由73.99/10万上升至135.88/10万。
在城市地区，癌症列居全死因的第一位，而在农村地区，列居全死因的第二位[1]。
癌症死亡率升高的主要原因与人口老龄化、微生物感染、吸烟、饮食变化、活动减少及肥胖增加等相关[2]。
根据“1992年第三次全国营养调查”及“2002年中国居民营养与健康调查”资料结果，研究发现十年间我国居民的超重率和肥胖率分别上升了38.6%和80.6%。
全国肿瘤登记中心发布的最新年报数据显示：2009年全国肿瘤登记地区癌症发病率为285.91/10万，中标率146.87/10万，城市地区发病率高于农村；癌症死亡率为180.54/10万，中标率85.06/10万，rank 1973—1975表1 全国三次死因调查样本地区死因情况表Table 1 Ranking status of causes of death for three national death surveysall causes mortality rate(1/100 000)proportion(%)rank 2004—2005rank 1990—1992all causes mortality rate(1/100 000)proportion(%)all causesmortality rate(1/100 000)proportion(%)respiratorydisease cerebrovascular diseases cancerinjury/poisoning digestive system disease95.0884.0673.9956.9653.861234513.0211.5110.137.87.38respiratorydisease cancer cerebrovascular diseases injury/poisoning heart disease137.52108.26101.9366.1652.71234522.7917.9416.8910.978.73cerebrovascular disease cancer respiratory diseases heart diseaseinjury/poisoning 136.64135.8896.2890.2361.511234522.4522.3215.8114.8210.1· 1417 ·曾红梅等 中国癌症流行病学与防治研究现状第9期城市地区死亡率低于农村。
位居我国癌症发病前十位的癌症依次是肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、食管癌、女性乳腺癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤、膀胱癌和甲状腺癌，占全部癌症发病的76.39%。
位居我国癌症死亡前十位的癌症依次是：肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、白血病、脑瘤和淋巴瘤，占全部癌症死亡的84.27%。
我国城市和农村地区的癌症发病谱和死亡谱略有差异。
肺癌位于城市男性发病死亡第一位；而在城市女性中，乳腺癌发病率最高，肺癌死亡率最高。