Unit 1 The RootsofChemistryI.Comprehension.1。
C 2. B3.D 4. C 5. BII。
Make asentence out of each item by rearranging the wordsin brackets.1.Thepurification of anorganic compoundis usually a matterof considerabledifficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for thispurpose。
2.Science is an ever-increasing body ofaccumulated andsystematized knowledge and isalsoan activity bywhic hknowledge isgenerated。
3.Life,after all, is only chemistry,in fact, a small example of chemistry observed onasingle mundane planet。
4.Peopleare made of molecules; someof themolecules in people are rather simple whereas othersarehighly complex。
5.Chemistry isever presentin ourlives from birthtodeathbecause without chemistrythere isneither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand also permeatesall aspects of human life, although manyof us are notfully awareofthis.III。
Translation.1.(a)chemicalprocess (b) natural science(c)the technique of distillation2.Itis theatoms that makeupiron, water,oxygen andthe like/andso on/andsoforth/and otherwise.3.Chemistry hasa very long history, infact,human activity in chemistrygoes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4.According to/Fromthe evaporation ofwater,people know/realized that liquidscan turn/be/changeinto gases undercertain conditions/circumstance/environment。
5.Youmustknow the propertiesofthe materialbefore you use it.IV.Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。
人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢.这三步是:(I)物理进化(化学元素的产生),(II)化学进化(分子和生物分子的形成);和(III)生物进化(有机物的形成和发展)。
V . Soluti on :(1)The rela tiv e m ass of 1H an d 12C ato ms can b e calculat ed fro m t heir ab solute m asses in g rams .1241223H 1.6735100.083986C 1.992610--⨯==⨯ If the mas s of a 12C a tom is exac tly 12 amu,the n t he ma ss of a 1H atom to five s igni fica nt figur es mus t be 1.0078 amu. 12 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu(2)First we c alculat e k and then use th e firs t-orde r r ate equa tion.[][]()()404340.6931.2110/5730log2.3031.000 1.2110/log0.477 2.3032.303log 2.09 6.11061001.2110/k yryrA kt A yrt t yr yr---==⨯=⨯===⨯=⨯T he bone was toss ed away (more pr ec isel y, the ani mal w hos e bone was died) a bout 6100 yea rs ago , or about 4100 B 。
C. We can thus be su re that a vil lage was in exi ste nce at t hat place at that ti me 。
Uni t 7 T he Nomenc lat ur e of Inorg anic Su bsta ncesI. Co mpr ehen sion1.A2.B 3。
C 4.C 5.BII 。
Give the sys tematic name fo r the fol lo wi ngam mo ni um ion ; coppe r(I I) ion ; str onti um io n; Ccopp er(I) ion ; i ro n(II ) io n; z in c io n; h ydro gen ion; le ad ((I I) i on; alumin um; s il ve r i on; ma gnesium ion ; c hromium (III ) io n;Barium; Manganese(II)ion; iron(III)ion;calcium ion; mercury(II)ion;chromium(II) ion;tin(II) ion。
carbonmonoxide; ditrogen trioxide;carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide;sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxidearsenate ion;sulfite ion;hydrideion;arsenite ion; bromide ion;hydroxide ion;phosphate ion; chlorateion;hypochlorite ion;phosphate ion;chloride ion; iodateion;carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrateion;chromateion;cyanide ion;iodideion;dichromate ion; fluoride ion;nitrate ion;oxide ion;hydrogen carbonate ion;nitriteion;sulfide ion;hydrogen sulfate ion;perchlora te ion;sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion;permanganate ion.IV。
Acid names may beobtained directly fromits acidion bychangingthe nameofthe acidion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the nameof the followingacid。
V 。
Com ple te the sen tences wit h t he prop er form of t he wor d g ive n at the end o f the sente nce 。
1.is alter ed; 2。
To ill ustra te 3。
indicat es 4.sho uld expe ct 5.wou ld c anc el 6。
a re pu lled 7。
d epend on 8。
are; ref err ed 9.form ed 10。
h ave discus se d VI. Tran slation1. Mat ter can nei ther be c rea te d nor be destro yed/eliminated.2。
I t is n ecessary that a scie ntist mus t know how t o use fi ngu res to get an acc utate answ er to questio n. 3。
Any s ubstanc e is ma de of atom s whether it is solid , l iqui d or gas.4. The expe ri me nt wa s succ essf ul . It ’s re su lt s was t he s ame as what we had expected.5。
It wi ll not be long be fore we fini sh the e xperimen t.VII. Write eq ua ti on s fo r the f ol lowing aci d—bas e re acti ons. Use the information in ino rganic tex tbook t o predict whether the equ ilibri um will f avor th e r eactan ts or the pr od ucts 。
(Parti ally So lved ) So lutin t o (a ): Cyan ide is t he conj ugate base of HC N。