Television commercials are boring. Television commercials are offensive. Television commercials are repetitious. Television commercials are insulting to viewers’ intelligence. ( one center)
衔接与连贯：
过渡语的使用 关键词的重复
过渡连接语的使用：
April Fool’s Day has long been a favorite holiday of mine. AT FIRST, when we were young, my sister and I celebrated April Fool’s Day by playing stupid jokes on each other. FOR EXAMPIE, she once put garlic powder in my glass of milk. LATER, when we grew older, our jokes became more sophisticated. LAST year I sent her an official-looking letter saying she had won $10000. HOWEVER, she guessed that it was I who sent the letter, thus ruining my fun. MEANWHILE, while my back was turned, she again put garlic powder in my milk.
Paragraph writing skills and strategy
段落写作方法与技巧
1.段落的组成和特征 2.常用的段落发展方法 3.段落的写作步骤
一、段落的组成和特征
1.段落的组成 主题句（Topic sentence）； 扩展句（Developing Sentences）； 结尾句（Ending Sentence）。
(1)主题句：用以表明作者的观 点态度，或指出作者的写作意 图，或概括文章的内容，反映 了一段文章的中心思想，是段 落的发展依据。主题句的构成 包括两部分：主题和支配思想。
SAMPLE
Women
are playing an increasingly important part in society today. The commonest source of entertainment in Britain today is television.
2.段落的基本特征 (1)段落的一致性。 一段文章必须讨论一个中心思 想，服务于一个目的。根据一 致性的原则，文章中所有细节 都要与主题句直接有关，要有 利于说明中心思想。
①There are far better places than a plane for sleep.②But few places can be compared to a plane for reading.③Imagine you are on a plane flying from HongKong to Torondo, what are you going to do with those twenty hours when you are restricted to a seat?④It will be difficult to sleep since it is extremely uncomfortable; staring at the ceiling will not help you pass the time.

(2)扩展句：清晰详实，条理清楚， 长度适中。
Sample:
First, people make use of telephone to make an appointment, take a message for others, discuss a question and so on. Next, people even use it to have a meeting. Moreover, it helps doing business greatly, because modern business needs to exchange long-distance information quickly.

2. Television is very important.( abstract) Television plays an educational role in our daily life. (detailed)

Samples

3. Television commercials are boring, offensive, repetitious and insulting to viewers’ intelligence. ( multiple centers )
Three Levels of General Writing
Sentence:
arrangement of words or phrases(vocabulary, syntax/grammar) Paragraph:arrangement of sentences (semantics,logics) Passage/Text:arrangement of paragraphs (semantics,logics)
⑤The best thing you can do is to read.⑥ Reading is also a good way to pass time on a train.⑦The classics you have always meant to read, the new books you do not find time to get around to, the thick books which are never finished.⑧ These are all perfect companions on a journey.
(2)段落的连贯性。
1.句子的安排必须符合一定的顺序和条理； 2.各句之间的衔接要紧密，过渡要流畅。 3.从总体结构上来说，遵循“从一般到 具 体”的顺序；从细节安排上来看，遵 循 “重要性递增”或“重要性递减”的 顺序。
EXAMPLE
An author has many different ways to show what a character is like. Certain hand movements, ways of speaking , or style of dress tell some things about a character. Others characters may talk about the character, or the author may even make revealing comments. How a character reacts to something done to him or her is also important. But the most important information comes from what a character says and from what a character does.
Medical English Writing
Part 2 General Writing
2004博士英语写作
Four Types of General Writing
Narrative
(记叙) Description/Illustration（说明） Argument（议论） Applied（应用）
Exercise:
现代工业对我们的环境造成了巨大
的污染，请就此为主题，写一段话， 内容包括主题句、扩展句、结束句。odern industry has seriously polluted our environment. First, cars add much waste to the air that is already polluted by power and chemical fertilizer plants. In addition, the poisonous water from the paper mills and fertilizer factories find its way into our rivers and pollute our water. Nowadays pollution is so serious that our air is unfit to breathe and our water is unfit to drink.
Basic Requirement
1.
A sentence / not a phrase 2. Detailed information / not abstract idea 3. One central idea / not multiple centers
Samples
1. How to read a novel. (phrase) Anyone can learn how to read a novel.
Exercise:
以“Private
cars can bring a lot of problems for us.”为主题句，写一 段话，注意遵循段落发展的一般 原则。
Sample

Private cars can bring about many problems. For one thing, it can be very expensive to purchase and run a car. The gas shortage has caused a big problem for drivers, and the price of fuel continues to go up each year. In addition, it costs a great deal to maintain, repair and insure a car. For another, owning a car can also cause worry and stress. It is exhausting to drive a car in heavy traffic. It often happens that a driver can be held up on his way because of a traffic jam. What is worse, too may cars can pollute our environment seriously