Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ATo Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.furniture, curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibitionpresents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 ____.Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two43______schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debated between 44________ of each theory. The controversy(争论)is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”Those who 45 ________ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorists’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, for example, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41.A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42.A. moderately B. extremely C.reluctantly D. scarcely43.A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44.A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45.A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46.A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47.A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48.A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instinct49.A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalist D. behaviorists50.A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51.A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52.A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53.A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54.A . habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55.A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shiftsa week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries.I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.（B）Should you become a full stack web developer?What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well versed in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledgeof what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage,and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers isthat front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg upwhen applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlookfor web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With a versatile and robust CV, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.Get Started TodayWith our guide, you will learn everything you need to know in order to succeed as a full stackweb developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and trackyour progress as you go.Here’s what you’ll learn:Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applicationswith Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60.In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A.ArtsB. Science-technologyC. CoursesD. Business61.Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?A.Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B.Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C.The job prospect for web developer isn’t promising in the long run.D.You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have someexperience beforehand.62.What is the main purposes of this passage?A.To advertise for full stack web developersB.To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C.To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D.To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.（C）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist’s ghost-to-be.Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society’s drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig（小纸条）. The picture wona bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a moderneye it seems almost sentimental（感伤） and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child’s face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck’s early experiences.At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). "If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town。