2021年上海奉贤区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第21~30题10分(每题1分)Landslide Injures at least 10 in Norwegian Town of AskA landslide（山体滑坡）has smashed into a residential area near the Norwegian capital at midnight on Dec. 30, injuring at least 10 people, leaving 21 unaccounted forand1(destroy) several homes, authorities said. About 700 people have been brought to safety for fear of further landslides.The landslide cut across a road, leaving a deep gap that cars2not pass. Video footage showed dramatic scenes including one house falling into the gap. Photographs showed at least eight destroyed homes.Rescue workers continued to search the area for children andadults3(believe) to have been caught in mud and debris（废墟）, police said. "We're still looking for survivors, " police spokesman Roger Pettersen told a news conference.Pettersen said there were no reports of missing people, but officials could not rule out thepossibility4there might be survivors in collapsed buildings. He said 21 people registered as living in the area are unaccounted for.One of the injured was seriously hurt, while nine had5(light) injuries. Weather at the time was reported to be challenging, with snowstorm sweeping the village ofAsk,6about 5, 000 people inhabited.Norway's King Harald said the landslide had made a deep impression on him. "My thoughts are with all those who are affected, injured or have lost their homes and those who now live in fear and uncertainty of7much damage the disaster has caused, "he said in a statement released by the royal palace.The area in which Ask8(locate) is known to have a lot of quick clay, which can change from solid to liquid form. Previous landslides have been reported in the region.Helicopters continued to circle over the area as night fell,9(lower) rescuers towards the debris of collapsed houses."There could be people trapped …but at the same time we can't besure10it is the new year's holiday, which means people could be elsewhere, " Erna Solberg, the Norwegian Prime Minister, told reporters after visiting the site.二、选词填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）2、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第31~40题10分(每题1分)Why Dutch Officials Want You to Forget the Country of HollandThe Dutch nation has long been dealing with its identity crisis. For decades, the government used "Holland" and "the Netherlands"1to describe the country known for its iconic canals, tulip（郁金香）fields and windmills. But starting from Jan. 1, all official government communications and2materials will use the Netherlands as its name.The government has been working on a campaign that might3the country's image in the face of growing international competition for the past 18 months, said Ingrid de Beer, the head of the public diplomacy section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Our international image faces some challenges, " she said. Research showed that many people do not know of the Netherlands or have4concepts of the country. Young people, particularly those in countries farther away, are unfamiliar with the country.The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, two of which—Noord (North) Holland and Zuid (South) Holland—make up Holland. Amsterdam, which5about 19 million travellers annually, and Keukenhof, one of the world's largest flower gardens and a popular attraction, are both in the Holland region.The country's tourism board,6to handle millions of tourists, stopped promoting its most famous attractions in favor of trying to encourage travellers to go to lesser—known destinations, according to a 2019 report. By 2030, the report predicted, the Netherlands couldsee7of up to 42 million tourists—an enormous number for a country of 17 million.The region of Holland has8contributed the most to the country's economy and wealth, resulting in its name commonly being used to indicate the entire country.But not anymore, the Dutch government insists. "We are fully aware that internationally, a strong image of the Netherlands contributes to achieving political objectives, promoting trade, attracting talent, investment and tourists and encouraging cultural and scientific9, " Ms. de Beer said.Part of the campaign includes an updated logo, a "NL"10to look like an orange tulip, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The logo replaces the "Holland tulip, " which was created by the tourism board 25 years ago and used to promote the country.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）3、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第41~55题15分(每题1分)As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countriesare1for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.Traditional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no interestin2the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue（营收）they would get from selling new goods.3, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is4driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. Also, both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment is another force that contributes.When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability, which is5just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about environmental lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about6energy use and reducing waste.7, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are starting to realize that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when8something seems like the easiest and most convenient option.Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched9programs. They want to make their customers interestedin10their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the landfill. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and11to consumers, and receiving the12gains for being environmentally friendly and socially responsible.Enormous opportunities also13e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metrictons14. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum-materials that could be reused, resold, recovered, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about ＄52 billion. Electronics giants like BestBuy and Samsung have provided e-waste15programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish（翻新）old electronic components and parts into new products.A. forgivableB. accountableC. tolerableD. remarkableA. alteringB. lengtheningC. obeyingD. upsettingA. ThereforeB. SomehowC. YetD. OtherwiseA. partlyB. barelyC. preciselyD. exclusivelyA. bridged withB. subjected toC. opposed toD. associated withA. minimizingB. maintainingC. stimulatingD. desertingA. On the contraryB. Above allC. For exampleD. In most casesA. modifyingB. wreckingC. dumpingD. restoringA. sustainableB. compulsoryC. economicD. educationalA. insuringB. substitutingC. concealingD. preservingA. accessibilityB. productivityC. affordabilityD. durabilityA. profitableB. emotionalC. predictableD. reputationalA. lie inB. stand forC. consist ofD. result inA. respectivelyB. dramaticallyC. evenlyD. thoroughlyA. take-backB. give-awayC. clean-upD. cut-down四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，每小题2分，共22分）4、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第56~59题8分(每题2分)Not long after Tony Berlin began working at the state driver's license facility in Niles in 1985, he noticed that some truck drivers who should have failed their exams mysteriously passed them. For six years, starting in 1992, he collected evidence to show why: He believed truck drivers were bribing stateworkers to get licenses. In another turn of the screw, the workers were using those bribes to buy tickets to the then secretary of state George Ryan's fundraisers, including for his successful bid for governor. Berlin tried to expose the corruption（腐败）—he went to the FBI and the upper ranks of the secretary of state's office—but was repeatedly met with indifference. Then he began to suspect that the truck driver in a 1994 accident that killed six children, all from the same family, got his license through the scheme. In a moment that changed everything, Berlin reached out to the Reverend Scott Willis, the children's father.It was his call to Willis that connected the crash to what would become known as the licenses-for-bribes scandal（丑闻）. "Berlin's the one who started it all," says the Willises' lawyer. A few months after that phone call, the U.S. attorney's office initiated Operation Safe Road, an ongoing federal investigation that by the end of November had disclosed 34 offenses.The investigation ultimately netted 75 offenses, including that of Dean Bauer, Ryan's inspector general. He pleaded guilty in 2001 to obstructing（妨碍）justice and was sentenced to 12 months in prison. But the biggest catch was Ryan himself, who was sentenced in 2006 to six and a half years for fraud and blackmailing. As for Berlin, he continued to work at state license facilities, in Streator and Pontiac, choosing to stay out of the public eye.(1) What initially caused Tony Berlin to investigate the licenses-for-bribes scandal?A. Truck drivers' bribing state workers.B. Truck drivers' licenses being granted too freely.C. His working at the state driver's license facility.D. The truck driver's killing six children in a 1994 accident.(2) According to Tony Berlin, the bribes ultimately ran into.A. buying driving licensesB. George Ryan's fundraisingC. covering the loss of the WillisesD. supporting the federal investigation(3) Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Tony's calling Willis was a turning point in the whole bribing case.B. Tony Berlin became a household name after the exposure of the scandal.C. The FBI failed to take serious action the first time Berlin asked for investigation.D. George Ryan, the biggest criminal behind the scene, was sentenced to years in jail.(4) According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Tony Berlin?A. Perseverant, dutiful and fame-thirsty.B. Strong-willed, cooperative and sociable.C. Responsible, aggressive and merciless.D. Determined, right-minded and courageous.5、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第60~62题6分(每题2分)(1) Passengers are entitled to their money back on.A. anytime tickets completely free of chargeB. off-Peak tickets with no restrictionsC. advance tickets for their train not runningD. super Off-Peaks that went invalid for half a year(2) A Season ticket holds more refundable value only when.A. train companies refuse to calculate the value that is left on itB. you formally apply to cease using the ticket and hand it backC. you use the Season Ticket Refund Calculator on the websiteD. the proof is given that you were unable to travel due to illness(3) We can learn from the passage that.A. advance tickets purchased after Jan. 4th can also be rescheduledB. passengers with a fixed timetable are advised to buy Anytime ticketsC. safer approaches to refund have been introduced to limit physical contactD. service from another train company is not available if your train get cancelled6、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第63~66题8分(每题2分)The urgency and importance of Covid-19 over the past year have driven almost everything else from most leaders' minds. But since the vaccine is kicking in, Britain's government is once again beginning to think about the things that will matter later. Next week, it is expected to publish a "plan for growth" to boost productivity, with innovation at its centre.The world may be on the point of a technological boom with life sciences, at which Britain excels. Innovation is crucial to productivity, but on this front Britain's performance has lagged behind its competitors' in recent years. Its low spending on Research and Development（R&D）argues for a boost. Those who attributed the financial failure in the 1970s to the insufficiency of research funds may regard this as a threat to economic growth. Promoting innovation can quickly turn into an exercise in picking winners-or, as is more often the case, losers.A second danger is that policy agendas get mixed up. The government has promised to "level up" poorer areas of the country, so deprived towns are campaigning for more money for their universities. But trying to boost innovation by sending money to weak institutions is likely to make our leading universitieslose their advantages, thus producing average ideas that could have been remarkable. Britain's research-funding system has always been elitist（精英主义的）. It should stay that way.The government's first move in boosting innovation was the announcement of a plan for an Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA). ARIA's purpose is to fund high-risk, high-reward research. But money is not all that matters. The successful translation of life science research into treatments during the pandemic suggests some inexpensive measures that can also make a difference.One is to speed up governmental processes. The rapidity with which Britain's medical regulator moved during the pandemic is one reason why the vaccine rollout is racing through the population. Urgency is not unique to pandemics. Getting things done quickly can make an investment worthwhile and determine where a businessman chooses as a base.Another useful measure the government should use is its unique ability to overcome barriers. At the beginning of the pandemic, Covid-19 researchers were unable to gain access to different strands of health service data. The government eased restrictions on existing data and allowed researchers to ask people who had tested positive for Covid-19 to join trials. Both were crucial to the effort.A last principle is the value of connections between the government and the private sector. Kate Bingham, a venture capitalist who led the vaccine-purchase effort, understood how to deal with drug companies. Many of the civil servants working with her had commercial experience. The government's closeness to business during the pandemic has been criticized. But without it, the vaccine effort would not have succeeded.Innovation took human beings from caves to computers. Good education, a welcoming immigration policy and a friendly business environment will do most to tend it. But a few sensible principles can help keep the flame burning.(1) What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Investing insufficient money in innovation.B. Promoting innovation in technology.C. Applying science results to practical uses.D. Distributing funds to weak institutions.(2) What's the possible consequence of the British government's attempt to "level up" poorer areas?A. Britain's research-funding system will remain elitist.B. Weak institutions are more likely to produce remarkable results.C. The outstanding universities will be unable to exhibit remarkable ideas.D. Both poor and rich areas in the country will develop in a balanced way.(3) What can be inferred from the three principles put forward by the writer?A. A businessman is more willing to set up business where governments show high efficiency.B. The administrative abilities are so unique to the government that they actually yield little fruit.C. The government ceased the cooperation with private sectors for the criticism they had received.D. The rollout of the vaccine was made possible mainly because the public responded quickly.(4) What's the best title of the passage?A. How Governments Fuel the Sparks of InnovationB. Why the Brits Struggle in the Tech RaceC. How Governments Benefit from InnovationD. What People Gain with the Light of Technology五、信息匹配（本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分）7、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第67~70题8分(每题2分)China's Entering a New Era of AI They have beaten us at chess and co-written a Europop album with human beings. Now computers are taking a step into a very human territory: the reading comprehension test, a headache of schoolchildren everywhere. Alibaba on Monday said its artificial outperformed mortals（凡人）in a global reading comprehension.Luo Si, chef scientist of natural language processing at Alibaba's research department, the Institute of Data Science of Technologies, called the machines' victory "amilestone".1Some of these uses are already being handled by chatbots globally.In the test administered last week, companies subjected their artificial intelligence systems to questions from the Stanford Question Answering Dataset, which assessed readingcomprehension.2In top place were Microsoft, the US software giant, and Alibaba, the Chinese tech group that began with e-commerce and is—like its peers at home and abroad—investing more funds into AI.3Baidu made an early bet on AI, and is leading its rivals in autonomous driving, some of which was on show at Customer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. Tencent, which boasts of 1 billion monthly active users on its social media WeChat app, and Alibaba have adopted AI in operations such as customizing news and ads, and are investing in new fields.China aims to make use of its vast treasures of data, collected from its 1.4 billion population including 730 million who are online, and deep pockets to overtake the US in creating a ＄150 billion industry that is seen as the next industrial revolution. Excitedly, AI is already being applied in many fields from driverless cars to text analysis.4The most asked ones include "Where's my package? ", especially on Alibaba's Single Day shopping festival.A. Though China's drive is led by government, it is cultivating homegrown tech giants to leap ahead of the US.B. Private investment in the AI sector has been expanding 62 percent a year on average for the past four years.C. The technology has many applications, from customer service to museum tutorials to medical inquiries.D. The computers' answers to the questions were compared against average human responses and ranked.E. For example, this technology has already been used to answer general questions on e-commerce platforms.F. Like all utilities, AI will be boring, even as it transforms the Internet, the global economy, and civilization.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共10分）8、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第71题10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What You Will Need to Live to 100A new approach to retirement preparation known as "longevity planning" has been on the rise for years, with the global population of centenarians（百岁老人）steadily growing. In about 40 years, the number of people 100 and older will be six times as high as it is now. What, as you may wonder, enhances longevity? While a previous study underlined the link between longevity and higher education, having adegree doesn't necessarily guarantee you a longer life. Actually, the growth in the 100-plus age group are more likely to result from a combination of improved lifestyle factors.Genetic, as new research has revealed, is a force that cannot go ignored. Dr. Peris of medicine and geriatrics at Boston University points out that longevity is not distributed equally. Being blessed with the certain genetic component that extend your life span is like winning the lottery. Only one in 5000 is lucky enough to possess the magical power that help make it to the century mark. Rare as it may appear, the genetic component is a factor in 40 percent to 50 percent of people who make it to 100 and 70 percent for those reaching 106.Deliberate mental, social and physical activities during retirement also matter. That means continuing to learn new things, staying involved in the community and working to some degree. Activity is critically important, said Mitch Anthony, a consultant in Rochester, who trains financial planners in life planning. People tend to do best when they remain socially and mentally vibrant.The research continues to uncover that despite their struggle to identify how they improve longevity, most of the researchers agree that purpose and meaning throughout life provide people with better chances to live longer. These factors may offer a mental and possibly physical shelter from stressful events hi life. Having purpose in life may motivate reframing stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and disorder.七、翻译（本大题共4小题，共15分）9、【来源】 2021年上海奉贤区高三二模第72题3分翻译爱运动的人不大可能有睡眠障碍。