上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组上海新世纪英语高二全部（包括Additinal Reading）及重点词组高二第二学期17 rds and their stries18 English prverbs19 Tips n aing a publi speeh20 eep it shrt fr the audiene’s sae21 aing friends22 hat des friendship ean t esterners?23 Ad24 Ran, his friends, and his inredible trh run2 The father f dern phsis26 The survival f the fittest27 irale in the rie field28 Netn’s three iprtant las29 liver ants re (Adapted fr liver Tist harles Diens)30 En the lassis31 Is she guilt? (Adapted fr The Prine and the Pauper ar Tain)32 ar Tain高二第二学期17 rds and their striesEAGER BEA VER An eager beaver is a persn h is alas illing t d and isexited abut ding hat is expeted f hiSuppse, fr exaple, that a teaher tells his students the eah ust slve ne hundred ath prbles befre ing t shl the next da The hildren plain abut s uh her But ne student des nt prtest at all That student is an eager beaver He lves t d ath prbles, and des nt ind all the herThe expressin is said t have e fr the nae f a hard-ring anial---the beaver Beavers are strange-ling reatures The spend a lt f tie in the ater, building das t reate little laes r pnds The use their huge teeth and r hard t ut dn trees, reve branhes and put the arss streas The use their tails t pa ud n the branhes t ae the das slid Fe ther anials r s hardHistrians sa the beaver had an iprtant part in the settleent f Nrth Aeria There ere hundreds f illins f beavers hen Eurpean settlers first arrived The settlers put great value n the fur f beavers In fat, fr t hundred ears r re, beavers prvided the st valuable fur in Nrth Aeria Beaver sins ften used as neung en ling fr adventure headed est arss the untr t searh fr beavers In their searh, the explred uh f the estern territries The trading psts, here the exhanged beaver sins fr the gds the needed, beae villages, and later tns and itiesIT’S IN THE BAG The bag---ne f the siplest and st useful things in ever an r an’s life---has given the rld an strange expressins that are nt ver siple A nuber f these expressins are idel used in the United States tda Se ereiprted fr England a lng tie aghen u are sure f sething, u an sa, “It’s in the bag”This phrase seeed t have arrived ith the dern paper bag Befre, Aerians used t sa, “It’s all rapped up” Then, things u bught ere rapped in plain brn paper, r seties in ld nespaperAnther idel used expressins is “t let the at ut f the bag”, eaning t reveal a ell-ept seretN ne an explain h the at gt int the bag, r h it reained there But there is an ld str abut it Lng ag tradesan sld things in large lth bags ne a an ased fr a pig The tradesan held up his lth bag Inside there as suppsed t be a live pig The an ased t see it hen the dishnest tradesan pened the bag, ut uped a squealing at, nt a pig The tradesan’s seret as ut: he as tri, and n everbd ne it18 English prverbsharatersTeaher f English: s Sith (S)Students: Li (LI), a (A), Anne (AN), Rivera (RI)S: Gd rning, everne I hpe u all n hat e are here fr The tpi f ur disussin this rning is “English Prverbs”LI: S, I’in the right grupA: e, tRI: e, tS: But I as tld e uld have fur…and et…AN: I’ing Gd rning A I late?S: rning “Spea f angels and u hear their sngs”AN: Is that a prverb referring t ing?S: ExatlLI: e have a saing in hinese, hih I thin is ver lse in eaning…A: Spea f a a and he appearsS: Right ell, “first things first” A prverb is a traditinal saing hih ffers advie r presents a ral in a shrt and brief anner A prverb nrall is a sentene, int hih the riter ften rs rhe Fr instane, “East r est, he is best” Seties it es ut in the fr f a phraseA: I’ve seen ditinaries f prverbsS: ell, there are thusands f prverbs The fall int three ain ategries Thse f the first tpe tae the fr f abstrat stateents The express general truths Here are t gd exaples: “ne is never t ld t learn” and “A an h neglets his studies in uth ill regret it in later ears”RI: I thin there is se truth in bth prverbs T enurage a persn h has had little eduatin fr se reasn as a ung an, e a use the frer ith us, I guess the latter rs S: S u have t eep t his in ind Never use prverbs ut f ntext “ne an’s eat is anther an’s pisn”LI: I see Then, hat is the send tpe?S: The send tpe uses speifi bservatins fr everda experiene t ae a generalpintAN: “Dn’t put all ur eggs in ne baset” Des it fall int the send ategr?S: u’re right, dear Then the third tpe nsists f saings fr partiular areas f traditinal usts and beliefs “After dinner, rest a hile; after supper, al a ile” is an exaple f this tpe Suh prverbs are ften related t agriulture, the seasns, and the eatherLI: an peple hld the pinin that prverbs are ging ut f fashin Is that true? S: The fat is, as se ld nes are falling int disuse, ne nes are being reated The puter rld has reentl given us lts f theAN: I’ve gt ne: “Rubbish in, rubbish ut”A: It als ges “Garbage in, garbage ut”S: I thin it is re n t sa “Garbage in, garbage ut” ell, I hpe, tda “u’ll have sething nie ut as u have had sething nie in”AN: Than u, s Sith B the a, d e have an assignent as usual?S: es u are t llet se prverbs f the first tpe, that is, prverbs that express general truthsLI: I’d lie t llet se n studiesS: Gd! I’s glad t have been ith u (T the fur students) “Strie hile the irn is ht” See u next ee19 Tips n aing a publi speehIt is interesting t nte that speehes are alas “given” r “delivered” The are never “said” hen giving a speeh, therefre, it is useful t thin f urself asplaing a part, ie ating This ind f ating alls fr an integratin f verbal and nnverbal uniatin Nnverbal uniatin hiefl invlves the speaer’s stane and gestures, the ee ntat beteen the speaer and the audiene, and a gd ntrl f the presentatin speed f taling/speaingSTANE This is iprtant t the deliver f a gd speeh Stand up straight and eep ur head up Drpping ur head ls unprfessinal and a prevent ur audiene fr hearing u learl n the ther hand, dn’t stand lie a guard n dut u have t be able t ve in a natural a in rder t add expressin t ur rds Bd language “sas” a lt Avid hlding ur hands tightl tgether; this ill interfere ith free and natural veent Dn’t pla ith es r ins in ur pet; this ill distrat ur audiene GESTURES Gestures and faial expressins are bth iprtant aids t the spen rd hen u are uniating A dull, lng speeh delivered ithut expressin, ithut gestures r ee ntat ill nt be ell reeived The sill is in deiding h uh gesturing t be epled and in aing sure that ur gestures are naturalIn general, the larger the audiene, the re expansive the gestures shuld be, beause the ill nt be seen s learl b the audiene In a sall grup, faial expressins ill add a lt t understanding Tr telling sebd sething funn ith a ver serius fae The ill have diffiult believing hat u are reall saing is funn Different gestures are suppsed t be used in delivering a speeh Se peple use their hands a lt hen speaing u ust ae sure that ur gestures are nt repeated t ften, and the shuld be expressive and eaningfulEE NTAT T have axiu ipat u need t ae eah eber f ur audiene fell as if u erespeaing t the persnall T d this, glane tards all setins f the audiene and dn’t be afraid t ve ur head If u favur ne diretin, the ther side a feel u are ignring the and therefre lse interest in hat u are saingTIING Aurate tiing is essential u shuld ensure that u dn’t fall shrt f r run ver the tie alled fr ur speeh Either a, the audiene ill feel unhapp and lse nentratin n ur speeh The best a t vere this is thrugh preparatin lear thining abut hat u ant t sa and h lng ur speeh ill last, befre u start t rite it, ill save a lt f tie hen pratising, ae sure that u spea at the rret speed and d tie urself20 eep it shrt fr the audiene’s saeH lng shuld I ae speeh? H lng ill audiene nentrate n speeh? He sll shuld I spea t ae self learl understd? In tring t anser these questins, e see h iprtant tiing is t speehEEP UR SPEEH LESS THAN 1 INUTES Lin utang, the faus riter and translatr, n e said abut the length f a speeh, “the shrter, the better” Speaing arund the tpi shuld be seriusl avided, nt nl in speeh, but in all nversatins in English Being indiret and rundabut in ur apprah a be thught sillful in hinese But in English speeh? N a hen ne is aing a speeh in English, he shuld alas sti t the pint, and use siple, lear, and diret languageArding t sientists, audienes an generall nl anage t nentrate fr abut 13 inutes S a 10-1-inute speeh is abut rightThe faus Gettsburg Address, delivered b Abraha Linln n Nveber 19, 1863 has abut 200 rds, but it still anaged t express the idea that all peple are brnequal10-160 RDS PER INUTE Speaing speed ften depends n the asin fr the speeh The nuber f peple in the audiene is als an iprtant fatr t be nsidered If u are speaing t hundreds r even thusands f peple, espeiall in the pen air, u shuld spea sll The idea is t let the audiene ath ever single rd f ur speeh Fr exaple, hen artin Luther ing spe, even t a sall grup, his usual speaing speed as nl 110 t 120 rds per inutehen u are speaing indrs t a sall grup, sa, 10 r 20 peple, u a speed up a bit Speaing at a speed f arund 200 rds a inute, u an still retain the audiene’s attentinS, e an see that the average speed is abut 10 t 160 rds per inutehether u are speaing sll r rapidl, the iprtant pint is t prnune ever rd learl therise, n atter h nderful u thin ur ntent is, the audiene n’t be able t fll u Use phneti sbls t ar the plaes u ften ess up, in advane, and pratise ever da befre u get up n stagePAUSE FR DRAATI EFFET If u ant a partiular sentene r expressin t leave a deep ipressin n ur audiene, u an pause a hile befre uttering it During the pause, the audiene ill gr urius abut h u hse t pause and the ill anxiusl expet t hear the next sentene, hih is exatl hat u ant t happenBut dn’t pause t frequentl r t lng Ee ntat and a sile, ith a bit f bd language, ill als effetivel ipress ur audiene If u sipl stp suddenl and reain silent fr several sends befre u start again, the’ll prbabl thin, “h, he (she) hasfrgtt en the rds!”21 aing friendsaie as lie a agnet---she alas had a rd arund her She asn’t espeiall prett, and she asn’t partiularl gd at sprts But she as ne f the st ppular students at shl Everne lved her!h? hat as it abut aie that ade everne ntie her? If her ls and her talents eren’t anthing t sh ff, hat did she have ging fr her?Here it is---shrt and siple---aie had learned the seret f h t ae friends and eep the Her seret is: Be nie t thers! aie as ind and genuinel ared abut thers: peple respnded b anting t be arund herGing alng ith this big seret f aing friends are a fe additinal suggestins: SILING SUGGESTS NFIDENE There is sething fasinating abut sene h siles a lt e are autatiall dran t sene h is happ earing a sile usuall iplies the persn behind it is apprahable An apprahable persn aes thers feel at ease and frtableSiles als nve nfidene, hih is reall iprtant hen aing friends u dn’t have t atuall feel nfident t sile, but hen u d, peple ill thin u are Furtherre, the re u sile, the re natural ur sile ill be u’ll gain nfidene fr siling!LEARN T LISTEN AND TAL Everne ants t tal e all have a str t tell Eah f us ens having sene listen t hat e sa It aes us feel iprtant hen sene is trul interested in hat e’re sainghen ther peple find ut u are illing t listen, the ill be taling t u! hen sene istaling t u, zer in 100 per ent n that persn Dn’t pretend t listen but reall thin abut sething else That n’t r in aing friendseanhile, dn’t put the burden f the entire nversatin n sene else u’ve gt t d ur part, t It is learning hen t tal that is iprtant Tr nt t tal ust t hear urself taling; n ne else an get a rd inEverne shuld learn t give and tae in an relatinship Learn t ve fr being the entre f attentin t fusing n the needs f thers dest is extreel attrativeTR T ADD V ALUE T THSE ARUND U Peple light up hen u regnize sething the d ell and let the n It nl taes a inute t give sene a plient r t ntie hat gifts a persn has It autatiall adds value t h the see theselves Tr t be the ind f persn h’s alas seeing the psitive qualities in thers Dn’t tear sene dn 22 hat des friendship ean t esterners?hat is eant b the rd “friend”? The ditinar defines it as “ne attahed t anther b affetin r respet” Aerians use the rd freel---that is, a friend a r a nt be a persn t h ne is reall attahed Friends a have nn eah ther sine hildhd r the a have reentl et It is diffiult t give an exat definitin f this rd as it is used in the US, beause it vers an tpes f relatinshipsIt is n fr Aerians t have different “irles” Ters suh as ffie ate and t ennis partner indiate different tpes f friends The ffie ate is a friend in the ffie and the tennis partner is a friend n the tennis urt A persn a have an gd friends and ne best friend “Best friends” are usuall t peple f the sae sex h have nn eah ther fr a lng perid f tie Peple usuall have re asual friends thanlse r best friendsAerians ve arund quite ften and learn t develp friendships easil and quil Abut ne ut f ever five Aerian failies ves ever ear Peple ve t ne plaes beause the begin ne bs, attend distant lleges, get arried, have hildren r sipl ant a hange in their lives Perhaps as a result f this, peple fr and end friendships quilRelatinships based n a n ativit a stp r end hen the ativit ends Students ight eet in lasses and reain friends fr the duratin f the urse and then stp seeing eah ther after the final exainatin The sae hlds true fr neighburs h are the lsest f friends until ne ves aa In these friendships, shared dail experienes fr the fundatin fr the relatinship Lng-lasting friendships develp hen individuals have siilar interests and a n utl n life the high rate f bilit in the US an explain a great deal abut shrt-ter friendshipsFriendship and friendliness d nt ean the sae thing Friendliness haraterizes uh f Aerian dail interatin but is nt alas an indiatin f friendship Strangers a share life histries ithut an ish t set up a relatinship Instant friendships are haraterized b the appearane f t peple being lse but, in realit, there is n string nnetin beteen the T peple saing hell t eah ther after being intrdued fr the first tie d nt alas ean that the have a strng ish t develp a friendship an peple frequentl sile r sa “Have a nie da” r “See u later”, r even give an invitatin as part f a ultural pattern f pliteness Suh expressins d nt alas suggest an ffer f ntinued friendship23 AdH the ears have rushed b! It has been a lng tie sine I ne arget Sensn I as a hild hen I ne her, and n I self have hildren The ind lses an things as it atures, but I never lst arget--- first lve and first hurtI et arget Sensn hen she ined ur sixth-grade lassarget, ust fresh fr Seden, and I, a sixth generatin Aerian She spe ver little English, but seh e did anage t understand eah ther e t t eah ther instantl arget lived up n the hill That as the plae here there ere an large and prett huses I suppse it as nl in passing that I ne nl hite peple lived theree had s uh fun tgether e sat fr hurs in garden r hers, surrunded b grass Her rds ere Sedish; ine, English e laughed at the a eahf us slid ur tngues ver the unfailiar rds I learned the Sedish equivalents f hell, friend, and gdbe Hever, suh fun did nt last lng, and the disaster began at arget’s birthda partIt as a ednesda I arrived at the part earl arget and I ran arund quil, putting the finishing tuhes n the deratinsSe fifteen inutes later, the drbell rang, and in ae ar, anther girl in ur lass But after that nbd ae N nehen it gt t be after five, rs Sensn alled arget inside She as there fr a lng tie, and hen she ae ut, she led ver, ver sad “ ther des nt thin the are ing,” she said“h nt?” ar blurtedarget ast a qui glane at e, but she didn’t sa anthingI t arget’s hand “It’s e, isn’t it?” I said h! I reeber s painfull tda h uh I anted her qui and psitive “N!” t questin But I as nl aare f arget tring t slip her hand fr ine I pened hand and let her gIt as different beteen us after her birthda arget stpped ing t huse, and hen I ased her hen she uld, she led as thugh she uld rne da, uninvited, I ent t her huse, libed up the hill, and a restless feeling gre ithin e at ever steparget alst uped hen she pened the dr She stared at e in sh Then, quil, in a vie I’d never heard befre, she said, “ ther sas u an’t e t huse an re”I pened uth, and lsed it ithut speaing The aful thing had e; suspiin as nfired; arget as hite and I as nt I did n it deep ithin selfSine that eeting arget and I did nt spea t eah ther at alln the last da f shl, getting up a strange urage, I handed autgraph b t arget She hesitated, then ithut ling up, rte rds I dn’t reeber n; the ere quite n rds, the ind everne as riting in everne else’s b I aited Sll, she passed her b t e and in it I rte ith a sl, fir hand se f the rds she had taught e I rte Ad in van---Gdbe, friend I released her, let her g, tld her nt t rr, tld her that I n lnger needed her Ad24 Ran, his friends, and his inredible trh rune et in a bilg lass Ran sat in the frnt s that his heelhair uldn’t get in the a I, hever, believed that he uldn’t have gtten in the a herever he sat I greetedhi ith a “Hell!” and he replied heerfull Later it p rved that this siple “Hell!” as all it t fr Ran and e t bee great friendsRan suffered fr brain daage and had endured an an bstale et, he is able t g n living his life t the fullest He ns the ld saing, “hen the ging gets tugh, the tugh get ging” t the dee pest and st persnal extentThe highlight f ur friendship ae in ur unir ear, hen Ran ased e t hld the flag that uld ar the spt here he uld begin his lpi trh run hen he ased e, I didn’t n hat t sa “h e?” I ased He gentl respnded that he uld be hnured if I uld aept this psitin He said that the lpi ittee sent a letter saing that the persn that hlds the flag ust be sene iprtant t hi, and I as iprtant t hi beause I as the nl true friend he had ever ade that taled t hi and nt t his heelhair H uld I refuse suh a graius plient and request?n une fifth, I t the flag and reahed Ran’s starting pint earl B then, the streets had begun t fill ith students fr the surrunding shls and the area residents Everne as exited Then ae the van that arried the trh runners All f the runners gt ut exept Ran The lined up utside f the van and began t hant his nae Ran! Ran! Then all f the peple that lined the streets ined in Ran! Ran! All I uld d as nt t rThe lift then lered Ran t the grund There he as, in all his glr Peple sa hi fr Ran and nt fr his heelhair It all beae sl tin at the sight f the arriving trh I gave Ran a hug and then stepped int spt The runner lit Ran’s trh and then Ran began his urne As he t ff dn the street, the hanting beae luder andluder The exiteent filled the air I uld nt have been an pruder f Ran! He deserved this ent in tie---a histri ent that he as a part f and alled e t be a part f, tThat ent ill last in tie frever It expressed the hle eaning f the flae: lve, enthusias, and brtherhd It shed us all that lve is reall hat aes this sall rld g arund2 The father f dern phsisAlbert Einstein as brn f eish parents in 1879 in Geran He did badl in st subets at shl, but as fasinated b atheatis, hih he did quite ell hen he as fifteen, his fail ved t Ital, and fr there he ent t Sitzerland t attend a pltehni shlAfter gaining a teahing qualifiatin fr the pltehni, Einstein t a pst as a unir ler in an ffie Einstein as happ t get suh an eas b, beause it gave hi plent f tie t thin abut phsis It as the “thught experients” th at he arried ut in his head that led t a ne understanding f spae, tie and gravit(引力)In 190, hen he as tent-six ears ld, Einstein began t publish his thughts ne f his theries prvided an explanatin fr a puzzling effet, alled the phteletri effet(光电效应), hih had been ntied se ears earlier It as in 1921 that he as aarded the Nbel Prize fr Phsis fr his r n the phteletri effetIn 1914, Einstein beae a prfessr f phsis at the Universit f Berlin and all ent ell until Hitler ae t per in 1933 Einstein, h as eish, spe ut against Nazi ries As a result, he had t leave Geran and spent the rest f his life teahing in theUnited States at Prinetn UniversitIn the lng urse f researh, Einstein develped his theries f relativit These theries ere s different and ne that st sientists uld d nt believe r understand the, and it t a lng tie fr the t be aeptedEinstein’s theries als predited that slid bets an be hanged int pure energ This did lead t the develpent f nulear per(核能) and the ati bb(原子弹) Hever, Einstein hiself prtested against nulear eapns, and beae invlved in the peae veent after the First rld arEinstein passed aa in 19 at the age f sevent-six hat he left behind is a ealth f ideas that fr the fundatin f dern phsis tdaApart fr his sientifi r, Einstein fund uh pleasure in siple pasties Ang his hbbies ere sailing and plaing the vilin Besides, he lved the pan f hildren Althugh he as ne f the greatest sientists h ever lived, Einstein did nt tae hiself seriusl ne, hen ased t enter a nespaper petitin t rite an artile explaining h light is bent b gravit, he ed that the petitin as uh t diffiult fr hi t enter26 The survival f the fittestFr a lng tie peple had ndered h life had develped n earth The Bible(圣经) stated that gd had reated everthing in a ee Se peple did nt believe this “hat abut fssils?” the ased “hat has happened t the strange reatures hih existed s an ears ag?” the asedharles Darin(查尔斯•罗伯特•达尔，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人), a ung an ust ut f universit in 1831, as ffered a b n a ship n a vage f disver arund the rld Life n bard as tugh Darin as terribl seasi and as nl happ hen he as ashre lleting plant saples and bserving anials It as t be the st iprtant urne in his life It lasted fr five ears; he returned in tber 1836 Darin studied nature in Suth Aeria and in a grup f sall islands in the Suth Paifi n eah island there ere birds The ere ver siilar, but the shape f their beas, and even their eating habits varied Darin ndered h the ere different Then he realized that, lng befre, the had been the sae Eah island had different fds available nl the birds that uld eat available fd uld survive, this ight depend n having the right shape f bea He realized that the sae press happened ith all living things ver illins f ears, all plants and anials have graduall hanged int the frs e see tda hat e all “the survival f the fittest” he naed “natural seletin” Darin alled this sl press f hange “evlutin” It explains h an inds f reature, hse fssil reains, are n lnger aliveB 1846, he had published an artile desribing his vage He als began t thin seriusl abut evlutin and natural seletin, and rte t essas desribing his ideas He did nt publish these essas beause he realized his ideas prved the Bible’s ther f reatin as rng, and he as rried abut the anger and trubles the uld auseDarin spent the flling ears develping his theries and aing the perfet In 189 he published the in The rigin f Speies(《物种起》) It aused a huge r beause it seeed t den hat the Bible said His The Desent f an(《人类的由》), 1871,pinted ut that anind had e fr the sae anestr Darin as upset b the ppsitin ther sientists agreed ith his ideas and t up his ause The hurh prhibited the teahing f the Ther f Evlutin(进化论) in se untries Hever, tda st peple believe that Darin as right27 irale in the rie fieldIt is said that ever sientist has a hildhd drea fr his r her future suess Fr uan Lngpin, nn as the “father f hb rid rie(杂交水稻)”, the drea is that he ultivates rie as huge as peanuts, and farers an have a rest in the l shad f big rie plantsuan Lngpin as brn int a pr fail in 1931 Upn graduating fr the Suthestern Agriultural llege(西南农业学院) in 193, he began his teahing areer at an agriulture shl and has sine devted hiself t agriultural eduatin and researh He ae up ith the idea f hbrid rie fr the first tie in the 1960s In the earl 1970s, he sueeded in develping the rld’s first high-ield hbrid rie f great iprtane is his pineering r, hih has established hina’s psitin f rld leadership in this areaThe UN Fd and Agriulture rganizatin(FA)(联合国粮食与农业组织) has deided t get invlved in the r f spreading the verage f uan’s high-ield hbrid rie, hih it nsiders the best a t inrease the rld’s grain utputIn the flling ears, inreasing grain utput f hbrid rie further shed the suess f uan Lngpin’s researh This ade hi firl believe that hina an surel feed her large ppulatin ith her liited ultivated landThis breathrugh in rie ultivatin has signifiantl ntributed t slving the fd prble in hina and the rest f the rld uan’s aazing ahieveent has n hi a great an aards and hnurs fr the United Natins and rldideHever, even ith suh a great ahieveent, uan n’t tae a brea In his ind there alas exist a drea, re pratial than that f his uth, that ppularizing the ne hbrid rie ith higher ields arund the rld an eliinate starvatin n Earth “If the ne hbrid rie ere grn in the rld’s reaining fields, the present grain utput arund the rld uld be re than dubled This an slve the grain shrtage,” said the sientistSe peple estiate uan’s atual frtune ight ae hi ne f the rihest peple in hina But he desn’t n fr sure hiself, fr he sees t are fr nthing re than his researh In spite f his bus researh r, uan Lngpin has anaged t eep se hbbies in his spare tie, inluding reading bs and listening t usi He ens dail tr ling and seties plaing the vilin28 Netn’s three iprtant lasThings that ve be ertain las Three iprtant las f tin ere established b Isaa Netn (1642～1727) (英国物理学家、天学家和数学家，被公认为有史以最伟大和影响最深远的科学家)NETN Ⅰ: INERTIA(惯性定律)Netn’s first la f tin sees siple: bets at rest tend t reain at rest, hile ving nes ntinue t ve at a unifr speed in a straight line---unless ated upn b an utside fre This resistane(阻力) t hange is alled inertia, and it explains a lt feverda experiened n atter here u happen t livene is that hen the ar r airplane u’re in begins t ve, ur bd is pushed ba against the seat That is, it tends t reain at rest despite the frard-ving fre f the vehile transferred t u thrugh the seat Anther aspet f this la shs that the nral urses fr freel ving bets is a straight line That explains h, hen u hirl(迅速旋转) sething arund ur head---suh as a ball n a string---and then let it g, the ball flies straight It neither eeps irling ur head nr des it ve ff in a seeping(做大幅度弧线形运动的) urve(曲线)NETN Ⅱ: F=ANetn’s send la relates the aunt f fre needed t ve an bet t the bet’s ass and tits aeleratin(加速度)Push a hild in a sing, r ride a planet arund the sun, and u’re using Netn’s send la f tin, hih states that henever u ant t hange the speed r diretin f sething, u have t appl an apprpriate fre The bigger the ass r the larger the intended aeleratin, the greater the neessar fre This la’s frula alls engineers t alulate hat’s required t launh a et fighter(喷气式战斗机) fr an airraft arrier(航空母舰), r h strng a seat belt ust be t restrain(抑制，控制), sa, a 160-pund persn hen his ar stps suddenl hile travelling at 60 phNETN Ⅲ: EQUAL AND PPSITE(作用力与反作用力)All bets, ving r at rest, be Netn’s third la f tin, hih hlds that in nature, unapanied(无陪伴的) fres d nt existu an’t tae a step ithut appling Netn’s third la, hih explains that fr everatin there is an equal and ppsite reatin Eah tie ur ft pushes dn n the grund, the grund pushes ba ith the sae aunt f fre pinted in preisel(精确地，准确地) the ppsite diretin In fat, it’s the fre exerted(施加压力) b the grund that pushes u alng, nt the fre f ur ftThat sees dd, but it’s eas t denstrate Stand n a nearl fritinless(无摩擦力的) surfae suh as an il flr, r put n a pair f rller sates(四轮旱冰鞋) N tae a step Push as hard as u lie, but the il r sates eep that fre fr being applied t the flr, s there is n ppsite, reative fre exerted n ur ft The result: ur legs and feet a struggle t ve abut, but u dn’t ve frard29 liver ants re (Adapted fr liver Tist harles Diens)Life in the rhuse as ver severe indeed The eber f the bard f anageent had ruled that the hildren shuld r t earn their living, and that the shuld be given three eals f thin sup a da, ith an nin tie a ee and half a ae n Sundas The r, in hih the bs ere fed, as a large stne hall, ith a huge pt at ne end ut f this, the aster, assisted b ne r t en, served ut the sup at ealties Eah b had ne sall bl, and nthing re---exept n publi hlidas, hen he had a sall piee f bread as ell Never ever did the bls need ashing The bs plished the ith their spns till the shne again; and hen the had perfred this peratin, the uld sit staring at the huge pt, as if the uld have eaten that, tliver Tist and his panins suffered terrible hunger in silene fr three nths; s desperate did the bee in the end that ne b, h as tall fr his age, tld the thers that unless he had anther bl f sup ever da, he as afraid he ight se night eat。