46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivation, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.受到各种强大的动机所驱使，这场运动在荒野中开创了一个国家；本质使然，它也塑造了这片未知大陆的性格和命运。
47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.有两股主要力量形成了美国：一是欧洲移民带来的各式思想、风俗和民族特征，二是这个新国家本身在融合上述特征之后带来的影响。
48)But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.但是，美国特有的地理条件、不同种族间的相互影响、以及在这片原始的新大陆上维持旧秩序的艰难，带来了巨大的变化。
49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America..十五世纪和十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，又过了一百多年，第一艘满载移民的航船跨过大西洋驶向这片土地，即现在的美国。
50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.原始的森林，有着种类繁多的林木，从缅因州往南一直绵延到乔治亚州，的确是一座宝库。
2014:(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.这也是为什么当我们力图用语言来描绘音乐时，最多也就能清楚地说出我们对音乐的感受，而不能抓住音乐的精髓。
(47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.大家一致认为，贝多芬是一个思想自由且勇气可嘉的人，我发现勇气是理解他作品的关键因素，更别说演奏他的作品了。
(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.贝多芬习惯先把音量升至极致，然后突然急转直下，随之而来的是一段柔和的乐章，在他之前，鲜有音乐家能运用这样的手法。
(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.尤其重要的是他对自由的看法，对他来说，自由与个人的权利和责任息息相关：他提倡思想自由和个人言论自由。
(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.人们可能会这样来解读贝多芬的大部分作品：痛苦是难免的，但战胜痛苦的勇气才是生命的价值所在。
2013:(46)Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. 然而，当我们看到这样的照片，看到那些无家可归者所创造的花园之时，感到了深深的震撼：尽管它们风格多样，但这些花园道出了其他的根本需求，而非停留在装饰美化或是创造性表达。
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. 它是一个和平的圣地，不管它有多么粗陋，但它明显是一种人类的需求，与收容所迥异，收容所明显是一种动物的需求。
(48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such. 无家可归者的花园实际上是无人问津的花园，它们是引入到城市环境中的一种建筑类型，它要么不存在，要么本身不易识别。
(49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. 多数人会陷入精神萎靡，我们通常把这种萎靡归咎于某种心理状态，直到有一天，我们发现自己身处花园，感到压力全无，如魔力驱使一般。
(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. 正是这种与大自然之间的或明或暗的关联使花园这个词--虽然指的是"广义"上的花园--恰如其分的形容了这些人造建筑。
2012:46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see.46. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。
47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.47. 在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。
48）To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性，以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。
49）The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言（尤其是语序方面的）共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。