Society：社会类1. Urban: adj relating to, or characteristic of a town or city 城市的；都市的，与城市有关的；有城市特色的Eg. urban construction/population/developmentThe urban area is usually densely populated.urbanize: v make or become urban in character 使城市化，使都市化Eg. The island has recently been urbanized.urbanization: nEg. Urbanization has taken place very rapidly in developing countries. Metropolitan: adj of, relating to, or denoting a metropolis 大都会的，大城市的；有大城市气派的Eg. Metropolitan areaMany people couldn't afford to purchase houses in the metropolitan areas. Metropolis: n （1） the capital or chief city of a country or region （国或地区的）首都，首府，首要城市（2）a very large and densely populated industrial and commercial city 大都会，大城市Rural: relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town 农村的，（有关）乡村的；有乡村特点的Eg. Remote rural areas 遥远的农村地区Crops are grown in rural areas.The children in backwarded rural areas don't have an access to bettereducation facility.构词法：-ward ( s)朝向⋯的Eg. Up ward(s) down ward(s) for ward(s) back ward(s)East ward(s) west ward(s) south ward(s) north ward(s)Home ward(s)Ruralize: vRuralization: nRustic: adj having a simplicity and charm that is considered typical of the countryside 淳朴的，朴素的；质朴的；乡下风格的Eg. rustic costumeSuburban: adj of or characteristic of a suburb 郊区的Eg. Suburban life 近郊生活Suburbanize: vSuburbanization: n构词法：sub- : 表示“下面，底下，往下” ；“下级，次要，从属”Sub way(underground) sub title sub-zero temperature sub tropical Sub divide sub adult 亚成体，接近成年的动物sub category 亚类，子种类，子范畴sub conscious sub continent 次大陆sub sequent2. central: adjcentralize: v [often as adj centralized] concentrate (control of an activityor organization) under a single authority 将权力集中，集权(于一身)；使集权eg. a highly centralized countrycentralization: nDe centralize: v [often as adj decentralized] transfer (authority) from central to local government 分权Eg. Canada has one of the most decentralized governments in the world. De centralization：nEg. the new leader advocates decentralization to prevent corruption. 构词法：de-: no not 否定Eg. De merit de forest de form de gradeDe centralize de crease de value3.Imbalance: n lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things 不均衡，不平衡，失衡，失调Eg. Tension is generated by the imbalance of power.构词法：im-: no not 否定前缀Eg. Im possible im proper im balance im moralIm perfect im mortal 永生的，不朽的im measurable不可估量的4.Infrastructure: n the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities ( eg. Buildings,roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise 基础结构，基础设施Eg. Economic/social/transport Infrastructure 经济/社会/交通基础设施China has recently invested a lot in the improvement of theinfrastructure of underdeveloped countries.mercial: adj （1）connected with or engaged commerce贸易的，商业的，商务的eg. A commercial agreement 贸易协定（2）making or intended to make a profit 获利的，营利的，用作商品的eg. Commercial products 商品（3）Having profit, rather than artistic or other value, as a primary aim 以获利为主要目的的，商品化的Eg. Their work is too commercial 他们的作品过于商品化了。

N: a television or radio advertisement 电视广告，电台广告commercialize: v 【often as adj be commercialized】start to manage （ an organization or activity） in a way designed to make a profit 使（组织，活动）商业化Eg. The museum has been commercialized.Commercialized resort areas 已开发的商业性游乐胜地commercialization: n6.Industry: n tourist/service industry tertiary industry 第三产业Industrial: adjIndustrialize: v 【often as adj industrialized】develop industries in （ a country or region） on a wide scale. 使（国家，地区）工业化Industrialized nations 工业化国家Industrialization: n7.polar: npolarize: vpolarization: n8.stable: adj (1) ( of an object or structure) not likely to give way or overturn; firmly fixed. ( 物体，结构)稳定的；稳固的，牢固的(2)( of a patient or their medical condition) not deteriorating in health after an injury or operation ( 患者或其伤后或术后身体状况)稳定的，没有恶化的Eg. He is now in a stable condition in hospital.(3) (of a person) sane and sensible; not easily upset or disturbe人d ()持重的，稳健的；心态平和的Eg. The officer is mentally and emotionally stable. 该军官精神和情绪都很稳定( 4)not likely to change or fail; firmly established持久的，稳固的Eg. a stable relationship 稳定的关系Prices have remained relatively stable价格依然相对稳定stabilize: v make or become stableEg. His condition appears to have stabilized.An emergency programme designed to stabilize the economy stability: n the state of being stableEg. social stability/instability 社会稳定/动荡There are fears for the political stability of the area.构词法：动词后缀：-ize 使成为；使变成；以⋯的特点行事Eg. Computer ize memor ize summar ize legal ize rational ize Global ize international ize special ize util izecritic ize apolog ize urban ize modern ize organ ize Rural ize stabil ize hospitabil ize polar ize Industrial ize Commercial ize central izedecentral ize priorit ize9.distribute: v give a share or unit of (something) to each of a number of recipients 分发，分配Eg. Leaflets are being distributed to hotels.distribution: n wealth distribution 财富分配allocate: v distribute ( resources or duties) for a particular purpose( 为某目的)分配，分派(资源，责任)Eg. The authorities allocated 50000 places to refugees.Students are allocated accommodation on a yearly basis. allocation: n eg. More efficient allocation of resources 资源的更有效配置10. employ: vemployment: employment rate 就业率unemployment：unemployment rate 失业率employer: nemployee: n11.explode: v （1） increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent 激增，迅速扩大Eg. The use of this drug exploded in the 90sEg. Population explosion（2） [with object] cause （a bomb） to do this 使炸弹爆炸explosion :n population explosion 人口激增，爆炸Population: n all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country （城镇，地区或国家的）全体居民，人口 Eg. The island has a population of about 78,000 a large/small populationAn increase/a fall in population⋯Have/has a population of ⋯What's the population of ⋯Areas of sparse/dense population: a sparsely-populated area/ a densely-populated area11. welfare: social welfare 社会福利12.revenue：（1）income, esp when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature （尤指公司或组织数额庞大的）收入，收益（2）a state's annual income from which public expenses are me（t 国家）税收eg. the revenue 税务局，税务署13.boom：n （1）a loud,deep, resonant sound低沉有回响的声音，隆隆(2) a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 迅速增长，繁荣v : [no object] experience a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 繁荣，昌盛booming: adj business is booming/ prosperious. 商业蓬勃发展14. consume :vconsumption:n ways of consumption 消费方式15. purchase：v/n acquire something by paying for it, buy 购买Eg. There is great potential for the purchase power of Chinese people. 16. pressure：nEg. He resigned due to pressure of workReduce/alleviate/lessen the pressure from work/studyBe under great pressure ofstress: n17. scarce: adj (especially of food, money, or some other resource) insufficient for the demand ( 尤指食物，金钱或其他资源)缺乏的，不足的，供不应求的inadequate/insuficient/short/lackEg. As raw materials became scarce, synthetics were developed. 由于原材料变得稀缺，合成材料被开发出来了scarcity: n water scarcity/shortage 水短缺Eg. There is a great scarcity of food in the drought-stricken areas.旱灾地区食物短缺严重构词法: in- : no not 否定前缀Eg. In adequate in sufficient in correct in finite in coher ent In valid in fallible in discrimin ation in feasibleIn different in visible in complete in significant 无关紧要的，可忽略的in cred ible in capableIn fallible ：adj incapable of making mistakes or being wrong 不会犯错的，无误的In finite ：adj 无限的，无穷的，难以估量的，无数的Eg. The infinite number of stars in the universe Dis-:Eg. Dis like dis agree dis harmony dis grace(ful) 丢脸的，不光彩的Dis honest(y) dis appear dis cover(y) dis honour ableil-:Eg. il legal il legitimate il logical il literacyir-:Eg. ir regular ir rational ir revoc able ir resist ibleIr replace ableIr revoc able: adj not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered; final 不可改变的，不可取消的，最后的，最终的Eg. An irrevocable step 决定性的一步Ir resist ible: adj (1)too attractive and tempting to be resisted 极具诱惑力的；极诱人的Eg. He found the delicious-looking cakes irresistible.(2)too powerful or convincing to be resisted ( 太强大有力或有说服力而)不可抵抗的，不可抗拒的Eg. She felt an irresistible urge to object.Un-:Eg. Un happy un lucky un employment un necessaryUn satisfied un pleasant un believ able un limittedUn fair un equal un accept ableNon-:Eg. Non-smoker non-toxic non-profit ableab-:Eg. ab normal ab use18. Drain: nDrain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗19. Rapid: adj rapidly: advA rapid pace of life 快节奏生活With the rapid development of modern science and technology Make rapid progress i n20. Convenient: adjIt is convenient (for sb) to do sthConvenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具Convenience: n21. Priority ：n give priority to ⋯优先考虑The top priority is to maintain the social stability.。