组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1. 主语：主语是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般放于句首，常由名词，数词、动名词、动词不定式或代词等充当。
（1） the book sells good.（2） marry didn’t finish her work until 9 p.m.（3） the teacher with two of his students is walking into theclassroom.（5） the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.（6） three plus four equals seven.（7） to see is to believe.（8） eating too much is bad for your health.2. 谓语：谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，具有的特征或所处的状态。
指出主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样. 一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成：一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
（1）we study for the people.。
（2）your ship enters a different time zone every day.(3) hey travel by ship across the pacific ocean.(4) he took off when he was 30.2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词原形或系动词+表语（1）i can speak a little english.（2）you need finish your work.(3) sometimes small children must be driven to school．（5）the boy sitting under the tree is my brother.(6) they are friendly to us.(7) the music sounds nice.（注意：谓语是句子的生命。
英语句子中没有谓语动词必定是错误的句子。
英语句子不管主句还是从句，只能允许一个动词。
）3. 表语:表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be之后)，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词等充当。
(1) my sister is an urse.(2) the old man was tired.(3) game is over,so we can go home now.(4)the food tastes good,please give me another one.英语句子中主谓一致的几个注意点在初中英语句子中，谓语必须在人称和数方面与主语保持一致，下面是在学习中要注意的几种特殊情况：1、由every- ，any-，some- ， no-等构成的不定代词和each 作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：例句1：each of the students has a dictionary.例句2：nobody knows him here.2、当句子中有两个主语，而它们又是由neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语保持一致。
如：例句1：neither she nor i am a teacher.例句2：not only mike but also they have seen the movie.3、在there be句型中，如果主语不止一个，那么谓语动词必须和最近的一个主语保持一致。
如：例句1：there is a book and two pens on the desk.例句2：there are some students and a teacher in the classroom .4 、两个主语由and 连接时，谓语动词用复数。
如：例句1：an old man and a boy were here a moment ago.例句2：my mother and i have seen the movie.(注意：如果and 连接的两个名词是表示同意人或物时，则谓语动词用单数形式。
如：5、表示时间、金钱、距离等名词的复数作主语时，通常把其看作一个整体，句中谓语动词用单数形式。
如：例句 1：seven days is a long time.例句 2：twenty dollars is enough.6、由动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：例句 1：to learn english well is not easy.例句 2：smoking is not good for your health.练习一．找出下文的主语（1） penguins（企鹅）live together，but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own．when a penguin wants to walk through its neighborsground，it must ask permission（允许）．if it does not do that，it will have to fight．most of the time，penguins live on the water．they eat shellfish and look after their children carefully．（2） the united states is full of cars．there are still many families without cars，but some families have two or more．however，cars are used notonly for pleasure．they are a necessary part of everyday life．二．找出谓语（1）① i dont like the picture on the wall.a. dontb. likec. pictured. walla. getb. longerc. daysd. summer③ do you usually go to school by bus?a. dob. usuallyc. god. bus④ there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will beb. meetingc. the libraryd. afternoon⑤ did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?a. didb. twinsc. haved. breakfast⑥ tom didnt do his homework yesterday.a. tomb. didntc. dod. his homework⑦ what i want to tell you is this.a. wantb. to tellc. youd. is⑧ we had better send for a doctor.a. web. hadc. sendd. doctor⑨ he is interested in music.a. is interestedb. interestedc. ind. music⑩ whom did you give my book to?a. giveb. didc. whomd. book（2） english words dont stay the same．people need new words for new ideas and 主谓一致练习题1. neither of them ______ going to the cinema. both of them _____ going to the cinema.a. is ; areb. is ; isc. are ; wasd. are ; isa. was; wereb. was; isc. were; isd. were; were3. a number of students ____ gone for an outing. the number of the students ______ increasing year.a. have; hasb. is; havec. has; haved. have; is4. some of the oranges ____ turned bad. some of the milk _____ turned sour(酸).a. have; hasb. have; havec. has; haved. have; is5. each student -____ got an english- chinese dictionary. the students each ______adictionary.a. have; hasb. has; havec. have; haved. has; has6. there _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. there ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.a. is; areb. are; arec. are; isd. is; is7. either the judge or the lawyers ____ wrong. either you or he _______ to blame.a. is; areb. are; isc. are; ared. is; is8. his family ______ all very well. his family _______ a “ five good” one.a. are; isb. is; isc. are; ared. is; are9. my blue trousers ______ worn out. one pair of trousers ______ not enough.a. is; areb. are; arec. is; isd. are; is11. the girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. not only the students but also theprofessor ______ surprised at mary’s answer.a. have; wasb. have; werec. has; wasd. has; were12. who _____ the girl singing in the next room? who ______ these people overthere?a. are; areb. are; isc. is; ared. is; is13. most of the students _____ boys. most of his money _____ spent on books.a. are; isb. is ; isc. are; ared. is; are14. the policeman ______ standing at the street corner. the police _____ searching for him.a. are; isb. are; arec. is; ared. is; is15. the glasses ______ mine. that pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.a. are; isb. are; arec. is; ared. is; is16. the news at six o’clock _____ not true. those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted.a. are; isb. are; arec. is; ared. is; is17. grandpa wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. grandpa wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now.a. are; areb. is; arec. is; isd. are; is18. no one but jane ______ the secret. nobody but mary and i ___ in the classroom at that time.a. know; wasb.knows; wasc. know; wered. knows; were22. every picture except these two _______. everything around us _____ matter.a. have been sold; isb.have been sold; arec. has been sold; isd. has been sold; areparents, ___ moved to paris.a. is; hasb. is; havec. are; haved. are; has24. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. one fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing.a. are; goesb. are; goc. is; goesd. is; go26. it is this teacher who ______ leaving for london. it is you who ____ next.a. are; areb. is; arec. are; isd. is; is27. the population of the earth _____ increasing fast. one third of the population here _____ workers.a. is; areb. is; isc. are; isd. are; are篇二：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。