现在分词的用法现在分词（Present Participle）（又称-ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
☆现在分词的两个基本特点：1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）三：否定式：所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。
这一点和不定式用法相同。
A）现在分词的一般式：doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。
女口：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.（smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。
）她闻到有东西烧焦了。
She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B）现在分词的完成式：having done表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest.Not having received his letter, we all felt worried.2）现在分词的语态：现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。
如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。
反之，用被动。
如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV.I knew the man sitting under the tree.（the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。
）I found the car being washed.3）现在分词的逻辑主语：A）如果分词在句子作定语，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。
女口：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳a running boy=a boy who is runningB）如果分词在句子作表语，其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。
如: The story was interesting.The match is exciting.C）如果分词在句子作宾语补语，其逻辑主语就是句中的宾语。
女口：He kept the boy singing.I found his playing on the playground.D）如果分词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
如: Walking on the road, he was whistling.他一边走路，一边吹着口哨。
Not knowing what to do.His uncle died,leaving_ him a lot of money.注意：分词作状语时，有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。
此时，分词需要自带逻辑主语。
其形式为“名词/代词+现在分词”，构成独立分词结构。
也可在名词前加上介词with或without o女口：（With）his wife cooking in the kitchen, he was reading in the living room.E）有一类分词短语，没有自带的逻辑主语，句中也没有它的逻辑主语。
通常是表示说话人的态度或看法的。
即现在分词作“评注性状语”。
1.作主语：通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Driving fast is very dangerous.Swimming is my favourite sport.Painting is an art.Hearing the bad news made him cry.注意：现在分词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，当它是较长的短语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。
女口：It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.It's tiring working late.现在分词作主语时的常用句型:严waste of time no good/no useIt +be+ little/hardly any use《not/hardly worthworth/worthwhile女口：It's no use complaining.It's no good smoking a lot.It's a waste of time doing such a thing.nono sense in (没有道理)Nothing worse than（没有比…更糟糕的）+ V-ing分词>There +be+ no point inno use in（毫无意义）+V-ing分词女口：There was no knowing what he was doing.There is no point (in) doing so.这么做，毫无意义如果主语用的是-ing分词，表语也应用-ing分词。
即，作主语和表语的动词在形式上的一致。
女口：Seeing is believing=To see is to believe.My favourite sport is swimming.Her only hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps.☆注意：现在分词作表语和动词不定式作表语的区别在于：现在分词表示习惯性动作；而不定式表示一次性的具体动作。
如：My plan is to finish my homework before tomorrow.My favourite sport is swimming.3.作宾语英语中，有相当一部分动词后，只能接-i n g分词作宾语。
如：Excuse me interrupting you.I enjoy reading newspapers.I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.注意：有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟-ing分词作宾语。
可以把这类动词分为三种类型：1）两种形式意义基本相同。
2）两种形式略有差别。
3 ）意义完全不同。
A）两种形式意义基本相同的动词有：attempt, begin, cease（停止）,continue, intend, start, commence（开始）. 女口：She started to cry/crying.What do you intend to do/doing next?你打算接下来做什么？He continued to work/working.B）两种形式意义略有差别的动词主要有：hate, like, dislike, love, prefer等。
女口：I like playing basketball.I hate to trouble you.I prefer to go for a walk.I prefer singing songs.C）后跟不定式和-ing分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance（碰巧）,cannot help...等。
它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。
女口：I regret to do this thing.I regret doing such a thing.Mean to do表示打算，意欲做某事：而mean doing表示“意味着，意思是”女口：I mean/plan to buy a house.Fighting means killing.Chance to do表示碰巧做某事；而chance doing表示冒险做某事、碰运气试着做某事He chanced to meet his old friend in the street.He chanced taking part in that race.Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事女口：I cannot help to do homework for you.I cannot help laughing.4.作介词宾语除了我们已经谈到的“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语外。
通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。
但个别表示“除了。
之外”的介词如“ except, but, than "通常接不定式。
女口：I can do nothing except/but wait.后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：A) “动词+介词+动名词”I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。
)I am looking forward to meeting you.The rain stopped us from working.She objected to marrying him(反对)B) “形容词+介词+-ing分词”I am interested in playing basketball.Tom is responsible for breaking the glass.C) "名词+介词+动名词"There are many ways to do it/of doing it.He didn't go out for fear of raining.-ing分词的惯用搭配有：A) 主语+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth女口：We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.B) “ There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth ”如: There is difficulty in passing the exam.There is trouble in learning a foreigh language.C) “ be busy+(in) doing sth ”I am busy in doing my homework.D) “What about/How about +-ing分词”(征求意见句型。