新编英语教程4_李观仪版练习册答案Unit 1TEXT ⅠComprehensionAnswers for referenceA 1 As the saying goes As you sow so will you reap which means whatever a man sows he will reap The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Years resolutions also follows this im The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year the better results you will have2 He had read a number of books on self improvement before he made his resolutions He wrote out a long list of resolutions He wanted to make a different man of himself a loving father and an ideal husband梑y trying to attend to everyones needse 3 Having written a long list of resolutions he longed to put them into practice thinking that they would be a great success4 Judging from the information given in the text he was a serious and strict father to the children He did not like to be bothered with questions He never treated them as his equals He showed no interest in their friends nor in what they were doing Having a quick temper he got excited easilyand often yelled at them He did not allow any mischievous behaviour to go on at home He was one of those husbands who did not like to lift a finger to help his wife and do household chores What he did in his free time was enjoy himself thoroughly He had a good time at parties and liked to stay out late even if this meant he had a headache the next day At home what he did most of the time was either watch a footfall match or read the newspaper5 He tried to be considerate and helpful but failed All his efforts to be a good busband went contrary to his expectations The whole family was thrown into disorder and confusion His wife was annoyed by his good manners and smart remarks thinking they were affected and that he was being sarcastio on purpose She attributed his cheerfulness good temper and thoughtfulness to not feeling his best after staying out late6 He wanted to do better but did not know how to do it appropriately On New Years Day he was in a particularly cheerful and good mood eager to render any service to his wife and children He did everything of his own accord He was considerate to his wife to the minutest detail and he graciously condescended to play jacks with Gretchen build a snowman for the boys and strike up a conversation with Kit But the result in every case proved to be just the opposite to what he had expected The writer behaved like a changed man What he did was suddenly totally different from what he used to do so his family was unprepared for this change Thats why to them his behaviour was too good to be truehis temper was too good to be believed and his thoughtfulness was too great to be natural7 It meansThe whole family are happy to see that your have come tobe your usual self again and you are behaving naturally At last everything will go back to normalB Reference version1 Quite obviously anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self improvement I collected would be happy and have a richer life infinite affection from his family and the love and respect of the community2 Show your love readily and willingly3 Whole hearted and genuine praise is really valuable4 Join your children and treat them as your equals5 I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying6 The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and with interest7 I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us8 You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past Why do you want to start doing it nowTEXT ⅡComprehension1 F He knew this beforehand but he had to go there because he felt the bank was the only place to keep his money safely2 T3 F The manager said Good morning not to Mr Montgomery but to the writer Good morning in this case is not a greeting but a farewell meaningGood bye4 F The clerks were at first astonished and then amused5 F He was never very rich All he saved were some silver dollars ina sockK 13TEXT ⅢComprehension1 C2 B3 A4 C5 AGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference versionIt is much less common for people to carry cash in the West than it is for people to carry cash in China Often it is not safe to have large amounts of cash on hand in the WestMost people use cheques or credit cards to avoid carrying cash with them Cheques are commonly used to pay rent for utilities and telephone bills and can also be used to make purchases while credit cards are mainly used to make purchasesCredit cards are pieces of plastic usually 55cm by 85cm They are issued by banks and stores that want people to spend more money When purchasing something the buyer will give his credit card to the seller The seller will check the information on the card and record it accept the card instead of accepting money The seller will give the buyer a receipt and another receipt goes to the bank The bank will then send a bill to the buyer usually after 30 daysCOMPREHENSIVE EXERCISESⅠ Spelling1 downstairs2 spontaneous3 creativity4 jovially5 wander6 shriek7 chore8 poisonous9 relieve10 interruption11 reckless12 wretchedⅡ DictationThe United States is becoming more and more a cashless society People are making purchases by cheque charge accounts or credit cards rather than carrying large amounts of money in their pockets or purses Normally people pay by cheque at the end of each month at department stores and some food markets and drugstores They also pay monthly by cheque for rent telephone calls electricity milk newspaper deliveries and similar household expenses Mary have charge cards to pay for petrol and service station expenses and credit cards for restaurant hotel and travel costsMany other people however prefer to pay as they go and not accumulate monthly bills Most people work out a combination paying some bills in cash and charging others This is a matter of personal choice But if you have charge accounts be sure to pay promptly the interest charged for late payments can be highK 14Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionA Income ￡2000 a yearExpensesHousing ￡50 a month for mortgageFood ￡60 a monthCar a large repair bill every now and thenElectricity ￡16 a yearGas ￡70 a yearBooks B The man on the doorstep says he is doing a survey for the Department of Health and Social Security He is actually a salesman trying to sell The New World Childrens EncyclopaediaⅣ TranslationA 1 Every time he returned home from work at midnight he would tiptoe upstairs trying not to disturb his neighbours2 To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour MrJones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house3 The article recommended by Dr Miller centres on the problem of air pollution meanwhile it touches upon other issues such as water pollution noise pollution and visual pollution4 If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends she couldnt have accomplished anything5 It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project but he is now working hard with zest for its realization What a baffling change6 Judging from what she wrote in her autobiography she always had mixed feelings for that pianist7 While waiting in the lounge for the flight he struck up a conversation with two American travellers and touched on many interesting cross cultural issues8 These girls all dread working alone on night duty9 I dont mind working overtime What I do mind is working on those insignificant trivial things during the weekend10 Actually nobody asked them to do anything on the first day of school When they saw the classroom in such a mess however they cleaned it spontaneouslyB Reference versionK 15Joe had dodged the police many times but never like this He was afraid He was sprawled on the rooflistening for sounds Somewhere below people were yelling and shrieking but he was not concerned about the commotion He looked round searching for any sign of a policeman When he heard some footsteps on the corrugated iron roof he was seized with fear What made them chase after me he thought I havent done anything You shouldnt have sneaked up here he said to himselfThen he saw the shape of a policeman approaching He did not want to give up He still wanted to make an effort to escape He rose to his feet quietly and tiptoed over to the far end of the roof thinking that he could perhaps slide down the drainpipe Just at that moment the policeman strode forward and was about to grab the boy by the collar when unaware of a clothesline in his way which caught his cap he almost stumbled Joe was startled but he could go back no further The policeman steadied himself and reached out for the boyⅤ． Blank FillingA 1 down 2 for 3 down down4 after5 back6 on7 in8 off9 out10 for11 in out12 out13 to14 over15 upB 1 name 2 sell 3 things 4 exchange5 shares6 other7 business8 partial9 then 10 company 11 kinds 12 shares13 wealthy 14 expenses 15 hope 16 stock17 rich 18 money 19 reasons 20 general21 investors 22 gamble 23 investing 24 glad25 willing 26 worldC 1 failed 2 game 3 sketches 4 down5 Only6 that7 weapon8 comic9 did 10 characters 11 to 12 for13 ran 14 dropped 15 turned 16 up17 title 18 made 19 later 20 fans21 funny 22 being 23 put 24 reach25 inD 1 was blessed with2 boundless love3 encouraged creativity in the young4 was spontaneous5 on6 tired of7 with more zest8 worth its weight in gold9 admiration of the community10 swarmed aroundK 1 6 11 drawn by12 struck up a conversation with13 established a kind of rapport14 was about four fifths done15 was in a poisonous mood16 sneak up on17 ten year old18 would have thrown in the sponge19 were about to perform open heart surgery onⅥNounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1 creativitycreatecreativecreatively2 beautybeautifybeautifulbeautifully3resolutionresolveresoluteresolutely4 moralitymoralizemoralmorally5 illustrationillustrateillustrativeillustratively6 suggestionsuggestsuggestivesuggestively7 collectioncollectcollectivecollectively8 admirationadmireadmirableadmirably9differencedifferdifferentdifferently10 imaginationimagineimaginativeimaginatively11 harmonyharmonizeharmoniousharmoniously12 impressivenessimpressimpressiveimpressively13 distributiondistributedistributivedistributively14 explanationexplainexplanatoryexplanatorily15 disappointmentdisappointdisappointingdisappointinglyUnit 2TEXT ⅠComprehensionAnswers for referenceA 1 English has now become one of the most widely used languages in the world In 1500 English was an insignificant language spoken by the people living on a small island Now it is spoken as the first language by over a quarter of a billion people and as a second language by many millions more When people speak English we may be able to tell which English it isAmerican English Australian English British English Indian English and so on Besides for different purposes we use different Englishes everyday English business English commercial English diplomatic English medical English scientific English technical English legal English journalistic English and so on We also use different degrees of formality and can differentiate between formal English informal English and colloquial English2 Style expresses the writers individuality through his choice of words and sentence patterns and his selection and arrangement of material Style frequently reflects the writers personality mood attitudes education and general background There are different kinds of styles homely coarse refined ironic vulgar plain childlike formal informal wordy colloquial direct grandiloquent and so on We choose words to suit the audience the occasion the topic and the genre eg short story essay argumentation Certain words exact and concrete as they are are excluded from formal use because they are not appropriate for formal occasions It would be absurd if slang terms or vulgarisms were used to address an audience at commencement or the other way round if a very formal style long sentences and complex grammatical structures were used in a friendly letter Yet if we have some idea of different styles but dont know whento use which this knowledge is worse than useless3 This is an example of a very formal expression alongside a colloquialism Bags of fun is a slang term whereas extremely gracious is very formal languageHere is another example of the same kind to show the inappropriateness of a formal style mixed with colloquialism In a letter of application you begin thusDear SirsI am writing to you in the hope that you still have a vacant place in your department If you hve not yet employed anyone I should like my application for the position to be consideredAnd you conclude withAs to my character and fitness for the job please rest assured that I am sure smart In this last sentence job may be rather too informal employment or post would be more suitable Smart is a colloquialism that means 搈entally alert quickf witted and talented Moreover the sentence I am sure smart is very informal and colloquial and so it is inappropriate for the letter4 Good use of English requires the appropriate choice of words for the expression of thoughts To be in good use of English therefore a word must be used appropriately in a specific set of circumstances K 225 Coy means shy diffident bashful What the writer means here isDo away with your shyness Decide what you want to say and say it as directly as possible in plain words Stop deceiving people and beatingabout the bush Call a spade a spade6 Some examples of euphemisms1 a mental home ＝ an insane asylumslow ＝ dull in mindresidence ＝ housea reconditioned automobile ＝ a used carstout ＝fatThe above words and phrases in italics are supposed to be more pleasant substitutes for those in parentheses2 skin tonic ＝cold cream The term skin tonic may help the manufacturer to sell his products more easily3 Goodness me Goodness gracious Thank goodness For goodness sake It is supposed to be blasphemous to use the word God in ones speech so goodness is used instead of God4 Millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry this is called transfer of population This is quoted from George Orwells Politics and the English Language Euphemism is used here to hide some brutal harsh stark political realities7 The writer means that in spite of the fact that he strongly objects to the use of euphemisms some euphemisms having considerable vigour and vitality can still be used as far as he is concerned8 It shows that the writer can foresee the inevitable fate of any euphemism ie that any effort to avoid unpleasantness will end in failure because a euphemism will quickly acquire the same negative connotationas the word it has replaced There is thus no sense in using euphemismsB Reference version1 The richer life experience we have and the more people from all walks of life we know we will develop more extensive and flexible knowledge of different English styles and the ability to use each style appropriately when the occasion arises2 If we do not know when to use each style appropriately or if we confuse one style with another inappropriately an unsystematic and casual knowledge of styles is of no use or even worse3 Neither bags of fun nor extremely gracious in its suitable context is a careless casual expression of ones ideas4 It would however also be absurd foolish to turn the judgment completely the other way roundK 235 Except in cases where they are used to achieve humorous effect contemporary writers think that euphemisms are too disgusting artificial and pretentious6 Supporing the argument made by using the outdated and stereotyped phrases that are often used by trade union leaders would be as easy as shooting birds that never fly away7 Some euphemisms are unusual enough to be funny They are so unusual that they become quite funny8 Some people may also like extreme understatementTEXT ⅡComprehension1 C2 C3 A4 B5 B6 CTEXT ⅢComprehension1 F The euphemistic term for dustmen in the US simply sounds more prosperous2 T3 F He is put in prison but the name for prison is adjustment centre4 F There are but the term poor people has been replaced by the euphemism the underprivileged5 F There are more euphemisms in English than in many other languagesGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference versionProverbs probably as old as our civilization form an important part of our heritage Children can learn basic lessons from them For example they may learn thrift by hearing a parent or grandparent say Waste not want not Young people tempted to be dishonest are often able to resist the temptation by recalling Honesty is the best policy Or persons faced with difficult tasks will be encouraged to persevere by keeping in mind that Little strokes fell great oaks And many tense situations are improved when one person or another remembers that A soft answer turns away wrath or that Two cannot quarrel if one wontK 24Proverbs are found in almost every language in the world whether the language is written or not In fact where the language has not been written proverbs are one of the principal ways the people pass down their philosophy of life from one generation to another thus preserving theirmost precious heritageCOMPREHENSIVE EXERCISESⅠ Spelling1 drift2 perspective3 significantly4 Danish5 ordinary6 variety7 desirable8 isolation9 nineteenth10 linguist11 negotiate12 satisfactoryⅡ DictationOne day over lunch in a Chinese restaurant I heard somebody say Take what youve got and never want more I called the Chinese Embassy and asked the young lady who answered exactly what that meant Did they really have such a proverb She replied that it was indeed an old Chinese proverb and similar in meaning to our A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush I told her I was so glad that we had something in common and thanked her It was then that I decided to find out if the rest of the world had this proverb in common with us I had no trouble in my quest as far as the Spanish Embassy was concerned When I asked for the Spanish version of A bird etc the bright but highly amused young woman came up immediately with Better to have one in hand than a hundred flyingⅢ Listening ComprehensionA 1 F Not everyone laughs at the same things What is funny to an Italian may not be funny to a Chinese2 F The American says that the Empire State Building was built in only two months in order to boast that things can be done incredibly fast in his country3 F He sometimes laughs when we make mistakes because we sound funny4 F A wise person laughs at himself or herself when he or she makesa mistake5 T6 TⅣ TranslationA 1 An unknown disease affected his brain so badly that he lost his memory completely2 The protesting crowds outside the courthouse had no effect at all on the judges and the jury of this Pacific island country3 A guilty man apprehends danger in every soundK 254 Her soft voice and gracious smile put everyone in the room at ease5 Not until you have a good command of a scale of styles can you speak English appropriately in different situations6 His haphazard knowledge of modern economics was one of the reasons why he failed in his business7 The new general manager did not feel very comfortable with the way he was addressed by his colleagues in the company8 No matter how hard he had tried his efforts to improve his image in the mind of the public proved to be ineffective9 It was the last thing that occurred to the commander that his soldiers would defy／disobey his orders10 Although the composition teacher considers these expressions nothing but cliches they appeal very much to the studentsB Reference versionWe should always bear in mind that in different circumstances we usethe English language in different ways This fact however is often forgotten When we think about language we too often think only of the more formal forms especially the written forms But we are not always reading and writing We use slang or at least colloquial forms with friends and acquaintances In certain social situations we use clichés that we would probably blush to write down We use polite speech when we speak to our elders or our superiors We use high sounding language on important occasions We tell jokes and make comments about things or people near or far We talk about ordinary things or of the secrets of the universe We express feelings to one person or to a group We choose slightly different forms of language for each of these purposes For a native speaker of English his choice is partly instinctive and partly based on an awareness of the kind of language that is expected of him A good command of English must include an acquaintance with all these registersⅤ Blank FillingA 1 a diedb deathc deadd deathlye deadlyf deathlikeg dying2 a judgeb judgmentc judges3 a approachingb approachc approached4 a argueb argumentativec argument5 a observingb observantc observationsB 1 countries 2 translation 3 communicate 4 Translators5 misunderstandings6 universal7 centuries8 language9 problem 10 realized 11 language 12 told13 worked 14 more 15 in 16 on17 Esperanto 18 same 19 countries 20 newspapers 21 books 22 created 23 has 24 Esperanto25 universalK 26C 1 D 2 B 3 C 4 C5 D6 B7 A8 B9 A 10 D 11 B 12 D13 A 14 C 15 DD 1 described as 2 just as plainly3 equals4 get5 as was often the case6 approached a state of collapse and coma7 done away with2 1 described as 2 whereas3 no more than4 more the less5 tire of6 insisting7 just 8 nothing but9 was well aware 10 a slight feeling of guilt11 as 12 address13 acquire 14 unless15 struck asⅥ Possible responses for reference1 Yes Of course I will2 Well mm yes erh perhaps not3 Yes Im afraid so4 Oh yes no problem5 Im afraid I wont much as I like to6 It certainly is7 Indeed Does he8 No None at all9 Im sorry I didnt10 No I was notUnit 3TEXT ⅠComprehensionAnswers for referenceA 1 Being a pious Christian she had a deep respect and boundless love for God hoping that God would bless and save her whole family Now that there was an opportunity for the soul of her nephew to be saved she couldnt help feeling excited She was looking forward to the special meeting for children unable to hide her eagerness2 She told him that he could see and hear and feel Jesus in his soul when he was saved Jesus would come to him and the child would see a light and feel different inside Being a child of twelve he believed her and waited in great earnest for Jesus to come into his life3 The writer purposely describes the members of the congregation in detail the old black women wearing plaits and weather beaten old men weather beaten indicates their rich experience of life Since they believed in God and they said the same things about Jesus the child didnt think it could be untrue The writer is suggesting that the power of other people to make a person do what they believe is right is often irresistible4 1 It is first mentioned by the childs aunt in the second paragraph as an idea presented by his aunt in the process of trying to convince him of the importance of being saved2 In the fifth one sentence paragraph the child was waiting to seeJesus3 It is repeated in the seventh paragraph when the child was still waiting and longing to see Jesus4 It it repeated again in the eleventh paragraph this time as an indirect accusation of hypocrisy since Jesus didnt punish Westley for telling a lie5 The last time it is repeated is in the last paragraph when it ends up in Langstons self revelation of and regret over his dishonesty and it helps to express his distress about having been disillusioned5 He believed that many old people certainly knew better that God would come into his life He felt he had to wait patiently to see Jesus in spite of the heat the crowd and the earnest entreaties of some of the members of the congregation As he hadnt seen Jesus he didnt want to lie and say he had for he was basically an honest boy6 The lessons he learned were1 He couldnt resist the power to do what a great many people thought he should People old and young men and women all believed in the existence of almighty God he had to do what they expected of him and sit on the mourners bench to be saved and say Jesus had come2 If he didnt want to hold everything up and if he wanted to save further trouble he had better lie The proverb Honesty is the best policy he learned did not always apply3 Religion was not what he wanted He couldnt and wouldnt believe in his aunt and God any more since he had been deceived and forced to tell a lie7 He was saved from sin in an ironic sense He was compelled to commita sin ie to lie in order to be saved from sinB Reference version1 Every night for weeks the priests gave sermons and people sang songs in praise of God worshipped God and shouted for joy Some sinners who had never showed signs of shame or repentance were saved from sin and the number of the members of the church increased rapidly2 The clergyman spoke on religious matters to the congregation His speech was marvellously regular and melodious it was a mixture of the low sounds of pain grief and suffering loud and happy as well as lonely cries and horrible pictures of the world sinners go to when they die3 The whole building shook with all the praying and singing4 All the people attending church service prayed only for me their praying became one strong and powerful sound of pain and suffering5 The whole church became a sea of great joy6 When everything became quiet again during a respectful silence which was broken only by several people saying Amen extremely joyfully and happily all the children were given blessings by the minister in the name of GodTEXT ⅡComprehension1 F People were pleased because he was not only honest but alsoa good businessman2 F In fact they were greatly interested in others business Forexample George Williams and Clyde Ballards wife listened to others telephone calls on the party line3 F George also spoke ill of him For example he said Well I always said that Sam Billings was the biggest crook that ever lived in the town of Androscoggin4 F Florida was to the South of Androscoggin5 T6 F No one told him of the things that had been said against himTEXT ⅢComprehension1 C2 B3 B4 A5 AGUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference versionGossip can be gracious and kindly and as often affected by good will as by rancourTry to imagine for instance a village where there is no gossip Every citizen in it is to use a common expression minding his own business never caring to see what anyone else is doing In such a place there would probably be no charities no getting together no luncheon clubs no sewing bees no Rotary no Parent Teacher Associations and in fact no local news for news is nothing but verified gossipK 33News is verified gossip and history is verified news verified in the unlimited passage of time for this verification may take a few hours。