第一章动词之时态
第三节过去完成时
教学时间：2课时
教学目标：通过本次课的学习，使学生理解过去完成时的形式意义，明白一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，并能写出结构语法正确的现在完成时。
教学重点：过去完成时的意义和与一般过去式的区别。
教学步骤：
一.导入
回顾现在完成时
现在完成时的意义：过去发生的动作对现在的影响或从过去开始发生一直持续到现在，着眼点为现在。
二.讲解
1). 过去完成时的形式和意义
回顾：
一般现在时：
主语 + do/does 或 be
一般过去时：
主语 + did或 was/were
现在完成时：
主语 + have/has + done
过去完成时：
主语 + had + done
课堂练习1：划线识别题（划出下列过去完成时的用法）
1.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
2.She had left before her parents arrived.
3.We had learned English for 5years by the end of last month.
过去完成时的意义：
引例句：
•他们去年结婚了。
•They got married last year.
•截止到去年他们已经恋爱五年了。
•They had been in love for five years by last year.
过去完成时的意义:
当表示过去某一动作发生之前就已经完成的一动作即“过去的过去”时，用过去完成时。
用法：
1.截止到上个月，我就已经学了5000单词了。
I had learned 5000 thousand words by the end of last month.
介词by + 一般过去时的短语或句子，表示在…之前。
By the end of last week, he had wrriten ten books.
By the time he was ten, he had made a lot of money.
2.她说她已经吃过早饭了。
She said she had had breakfast.
过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, thought等动词的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
练习：
She said she ______ (see) the film before.
He asked where______(go) during the summer vacation
Tom 告诉我他已经离开了。
Tom told me that he had left.
我以为他已经告诉你了。
I thought he had told you.
3.当我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始五分钟了。
The movie had been on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.
状语从句中的动作发生在过去，而主句动作发生在此动作之前，用过去完成时（通常由before， after， when 来引导状语从句）。
例句：
当我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始五分钟了。
The movie had been on for five minutes before I got to the cinema.
上周日是母亲节，tom想让他妈妈高兴，帮他妈妈做了好多事，并给妈妈写了一封信，帮Tom完成这封信。
Mum, you love me so much, but I always make you unhappy. Now I know I was wrong. I’ll try my best to make you happy.
I had…when you…
before you/I…
…by last night.
I. . . because you had…
after you had…
Mum, I’d like to do everything if you want me to do. I’ve grown up and I’ll be a good son, believe me!
一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
区别：
1.一般过去时——过去的某一个动作。
2.过去完成时——指在过去某一个动作之前已经发生的动作。
引例句：
引例句：
要把大象装冰箱，总共分几步？
1.open the fridge
2.put the elephant into the fidge
3.close the fridge
用过去完成时把每两步连成一个句子。
课堂练习：
翻译句子。
他昨晚十点已经睡觉了。
He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.
正解：He went to bed at 10:00 last night.
注意：1. 一般过去时的时间状语为过去某一特定的时间，而过去完成时强调过去的过去。
2.除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文先后关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以后，应当避免在简单句中用过去完成时。
选择题。
1. A girl the wallet and .
A.Found; turns it in
B. would find; has turned it in
C. found; turned it in
D. has found; turned in it
2. The film when I to the cinema.
A. has begun; get
B. had begun; got
C. has been on; get
D. had been on; got
3. He in Shanghai University for four years before he
Beijing.
A. studied, had gone
B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes
D. had studied, had gone
三．总结
本课内容重点：
过去完成时的意义：表示过去某一动作发生之前就已经完成的一动作即“过去的过去”。
过去完成时的形式：主语+ had (not) + done
现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：
1.一般过去时——过去的某一个动作。
2.过去完成时——指在过去某一个动作之前已经发生的动作。
四．作业
1.复习课上所学知识点
2.完成现在完成时的相关练习：教材P12-P15的所有填空、选择及句子翻译题。