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PART I Vocabulary （15poi nts）Secti on ADirect ions: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the un derl ined word.1. The gover nment slated new elect ions in the spri ng, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. dema ndB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. writte n-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imag ine my vexation whe n they said they would come to dinner and the n did n't show.A. en lighte nmentB. ast oni shme ntC. annoyanceD. con trari ness4. Any troop of wild ani mals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. con fide ntlyC. sile ntlyD. prude ntly5. There is little lear ning invo Ived whe n one is reprimanded two or three mon ths after the deed.A. recomme ndedB. reproachedC. recompe nsedD. reversed6. Archaeologists are in terested in pottery, figuri nes and other vestiges of ancient civilizatio ns.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifacts7. Packagi ng is desig ned so as to en courage impetuous shopp ing.A. extravaga ntB. carefulC. impote ntD. impulsive8. Pan of his gen eral thrift is to be meticulous in verify ing mon thly expe nses.A. pain stak ingB. dilatoryC. meretriciousD. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defe ndan t's trial for murder.A. a decisi on of guiltyB. a decisi on to punish by electrocuti onC. an impasseD. an unu sual verdict10. Among the lowest of the judicial ran ks, justices of the peace n evertheless freque ntly exercisejurisdiction over a variety of misdemea nors.A. guida neeB. sovereig ntyC. authorityD. suzera inty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravaga ntB. producedC. diverge ntD. repetitious12. Her office in the First Nati onal Bank buildi ng is provisional.A. perma nentB. temporaryC. corruptD. crave n13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found.A. demolishedB. took overC. in habitedD. thoroughly searched14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. milli on airesB. en dorseme ntsC. gover nmentsD. don ati ons15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSecti on BDirections: Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.16. Whe n he realized the true n ature of the proposal, he _______all com muni cati on with the group.A. convertB. avertedC. severedD. make17. The worse ning finan cial situati on made it obvious that an econo mic depressi on was __ .A. atta in ableB. remoteC. immi nentD. eminent18. All of the dental instruments need to be _______ before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. sterilizedD. bur ned19. Rock climbi ng is so popular now that many people are able to __________ the steepest face with greatagility.A. scaleB. surpassC. overcomeD. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ______________ firemen, policemen, and paramedicsimmediately.A. assig nB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His evident ______ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. pers on alityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22. I don't know why he has bee n give n ______ . It was n't his accomplishme nt but his wife's.A. acclaimB. con fide neeC. reimburseme ntD. robust ness23. After a con cert tour in Asia, Can ada and the U. S., he will _____ work on a five-la nguage opera.A. confineB. i ndulgeC. resumeD. un dergo24. When Ph. D can didates ______ their impe nding professorships, they con sider hous ing ben efits offeredby the prospective uni versities.A. an ticipateB. assumeC. applyD. dema nd25. My supply of con fide nee slowly ______ as the deadli ne approached.A. withdrewB. elimi natedC. exterm in atedD. dimi nished26. The battle is of great sig nifica nee whe n viewed in the ______of the progress of the war.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive27. It has long bee n known that total sleep ______ is 100 perce nt fatal to rats, yet, upon exam in ati on of thedead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositi onB. destructi onC. deprivati onD. reduct ion28. In that coun try, hospital doctors don't go sightsee ing very ofte n because their work _____ almost alltheir time.A. takes upB. takes offC. takes apartD. takes over29. Accordi ng to the law of that coun try, the Parliame nt will have to be _____ before the Gen eral Electio n.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. dis in tegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisi ons of the con tract, and now he has to _______________ t hecon seque nces.A. an swer forB. run in toC. abide byD. step intoPART E Grammar (15 poi nts)Secti on ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerla nd is best known for its majesty mou nta in range an d thousands flock to the Alps AB Ceach year to take adva ntage of their ideal skii ng con diti ons.D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but en ded up by shooting dow n protesters and itA Bwas in thjs chaos that the seeds of political liberati on were sown.C D33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburg's main street,A Bthe classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye.C D34. She is furious of her son's grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia's high A B Cmarks on the exam.D35. Smog-choked Souther n California demands them. It's a car for people who n ever want to goAto a_gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been aB Chard-sell.D36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fishA Btheir long life-span. Of course, it has n't done a lot of good for these carp.C D37. In decid ing to un dertake dan gerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximumApers onal ability rati ng, when they are challe nged but can he victorious, rather tha n merely B C surm oun ti ng the mediocre.D38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke fromA Ba genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.C D39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack,A B Cthus caused the delay in the advanee.40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas evening ABCwhen peace and calm return to the household. D41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligenee would be able to undertake such a basic process.A BCD42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemploymentA Band closures tha n in previous years.C D43. The three most importa nt issues of concern to citize ns today are prison reform,A Babusing children and toxic waste.C D44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochester's wrath by not liste ning to his prohibiti ons,A Bwhile a ray once more sho ne almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffled C Dstep on the carpet.45. The above is the most importa nt aspect which apes can be told from more primitive social A B C Dgroup in gs.Secti on BDirect ions: Choose the an swer that best fills in the bla nk.46. _______ t hat the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it n eed to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thought47. It is most in appropriate _______ i n the college VIP loun ge.A. for any stude nts to be thereB. for there to be any stude ntsC. to be any stude nts thereD. to have there any stude nts48. She _______ much more accurate resp on ses now, had she take n more pains in devis ing the questi ons.A. gotB. would have gotC. had gotD. would be gett ing49. An exte nsive foun dati on in the basic scie nces should be required of all scie nee stude nts, ____ .A. whether they are future physicists or chemists.B. be they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The gen eral opinion is that he is _______ to compla in.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoastD. so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are excepti on s, it seems reas on ably dear that in certa in coun tries - Rwanda,Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslaviacome to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute foodshortage, _______ a policy decisi on or the political situati on.A. tha n ofB. rather tha nC. but the result ofD. tha n is52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of spaceship Earth as ________ the waters of its lakes,pon ds, ocea ns, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I cha nged my mind about the new job eve n though I was ______last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have bee n starti ngD. start54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, thedaily vocabulary of En glish rema ined Germa nic, _____ its grammatical structure.A. the same areB. and so areC. as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isn't all _______ .A. what there is to lifeB. to which there is in lifeC. there is to lifeD. that is in life56. _______ e ver so humble, there's no pla ne like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57. _______ a ll customs, no matter how sacrosa net, are esse ntially lear ned reacti ons appropriate, perhapsonly to the holders thereof is a basic assumpti on of an thropologists.A. NearlyB. It is nearlyC. That nearlyD. When nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none _____ happier for it.A. butB. theC. matchD. any59. The major reas on why America ns enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposalfor food productio n is _______ .A. three times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roari ng of a tiger is _______ heard by jun gle dwellers ________ feeli ngs of un ease, for ayear does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger's ferocity.A. always...withB. ever...withoutC. ever...withD. n ever...withoutPART 皿Clone test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of product ion-capital. The own ership of large amounts of capital can bring _61 profits, as well as econo mic and political power. Some rece nt theorists, 62 have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 63 _that they call "posti ndustrial" society. One importa nt cha nge in such society is that the own ership of _64 amounts of capital is no Ion ger the on ly or eve n the most importa nt 65 of profits and in flue nee;kno wledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and in flue nee.There are many 67 with the thesis above, n ot the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and kno wledge they n eed to keep their profits and in flue nee. But this does not 69 the importa nee of kno wledge in an adva need in dustrial society, as the 70 of some new in dustries in dicates. 71_, gen etic engin eeri ng and the new computer tech no logy have 72 many new fines and made some scie ntists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the post in dustrial society thesis, however, it must also be 74_ that those already in eontrol of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these in dustries based on new kno wledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many newhigh-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-pay ing service 77 . Somethi ng like a caste line is emergi ng cen tered around kno wledge. In dividuals who fall too far behi nd in the 78 of kno wledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in EnglishIanguage has been a severe 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point whe n computer illiteracy will hin der many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. qua ntitative B. exte nsive C. comprehe nsive D. sophisticated62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. n evertheless63. A. aggressi on B. proficie ncy C. productivity D. evoluti on64. A. domi nant B. impressive C. magn ifice nt D. sig nifica nt65. A. source B. factor C. comp onent D. eleme nt66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual67. A. adva ntages B. consequences C. problems D. pote ntials68. A. them B. those C. which D. that69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. ack nowledge70. A. emerge nee B. inno vati on C. exti nction D. discovery71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated73. A. li ne B. n eed C. doubt D. match74. A. idealized B. recog ni zed C. supervised D. summarized75. A. stepped in B. settled dow n C. lea ned over D. mined out76. A. accessible B. importa nt C. popular D. abundant77. A. en terprises B. employme nt C. professi ons D. in dustries78. A. con trol B. mastery C. search D. pursuit79. A. han dicap B. pen alty C. inconvenience D. shortco ming80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemnPART W READING OOMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certa in range the dema nd of labor is for a mi nimum mon ey-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would invo Ive no sig nifica nt change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite in determ in ate. They do not seem to have realized that, uni ess the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every moveme nt of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of theeconomic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81. "Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage". The sentence means ______ .A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to ______ .A. those scholars with traditional ideaB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard theoryD. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the ______ .A. red money wagesB. movement of priceC. function of money-wagesD. both A & B84. “Their" method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized thatA. a fall in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor market of laborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages85. How dose labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wage.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of thus passage indicates that ______ .A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U. S.C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage could characterize thedepression of 1930s in the U. S.D. both A & BPassage 2The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive, albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose duri ng the selecti on process. Most n ati on al legal systems have statutory rules as to the type of in terests, relati on ships, and experie nces that disqualify an arbitrator. Not in freque ntly, the disqualify ing factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and international arbitration somewhat differe ntly, and may in deed suppleme nt the intern ati onal roles with additi onal features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agenciestend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitrators move in the highly in terc onn ected world of affairs, and do not sta nd aloof from commerce as judges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual bus in ess orlegal conn ecti ons will. In asmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators gen erally do, suspici ons arise that an arbitrator's favor may incline to the party or coun sel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The un certa inty in the held is at its most troubli ng whe n arbitrators are party-appo in ted. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill he same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-party arbitrators, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the Un ited States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as paw ns of the appo in ters. Impos ing sta ndard of n eutrality and dis in terested ness on them would he futile.It follows from this dichotomy betwee n party-appo in ted and non-party-appo in ted arbitrators that opi nio n on the questio n of their n ati on ality is also split. A party n eeds to be expected to choose a fellow n ati on al. This question of nationality is acute when one party to the arbitration is a governmental agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise n ati on als; a foreig n en terprise con tract calli ng for such arbitratio n may be foolhardy.The slate is largely bla nk with respect to roles for the con duct of arbitrators outside the field of con flict of in terests. Con sideri ng on ly the matter of ex-parte com muni cati ons, America n case law is ast onishing lax, refus ing to set aside awards where such com muni cati on obta ined betwee n an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both patties. The differe nces in views on this topic in dicate how useful a set of guideli nes might be.87. The best title for this passage is __________ .A. I nternatio nal Arbitrators: Causes and Soluti onsB. Arbitrators: Causes and Soluti onsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. I nternatio nal Arbitrators and Con flicts of In terests88. The expressi on "They may treat" refers to ________ .A. arbitrators and judgesB. n ati on al legal systemsC. experie ncesD. disqualify ing factors89. Courts and age ncies _________ .A. do not apply their regulati ons strictlyB. ofte n con sider arbitrators as judgesC. un dersta nd the gen eral relati on ship betwee n bus in ess and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above90. A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen ________ .A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their decisionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers91. A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea ________ .A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the contract92. "Ex-parte communications" refer to ________ .A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartialityPassage 3Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here 'sthe answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy stone book rack, next to typical kids' books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is 'Dysfunctional"'. It's a teacher's guide called "Happy to Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem”. Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms.Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation as consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed.Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty percent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in dimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper."Happy to Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great ”or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves". Which is goo d, because all that reviling didn ' t makaertimcuelaferleylgpoodabout anything.93. In paragraph 2, "whole language" teaching is in inverted commas because ________ .A. the writer is using direct speechB. the writer is questioning the education conceptC. the words quoted have been extracted from a translationD. the writer is quoting from another source94. In paragraph 3, the author is clearly expressing his idea about self-esteem. He believes that it isA. essential that self-esteem should be promoted in American schools because the author used to suffer froma lack of self-esteem as a childB. equally important to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge they will require in the futureC. important to remember how mush school children used to suffer from a lack of self-esteemD. reassuring to observe that children benefit from the promotion of a positive image96. Which of the following is the writer implying in paragraph 4?A. Self-criticism has gone too far.B. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.C. Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.D. This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today.96. We may infer from paragraph 4 that the writer generally disagrees with one of the following ideasA. the whole concept of communication is being perceived differentlyB. the way American children communicate among themselves is more important than anything elseC. academic skills should be encouraged and promoted in the American education systemD. the progress that American children could be monitor with more traditional methods97. In this passage, the writer is clearly stating the intention which is to get the reader to __ .A. confirm current education trends and teaching methodsB. rethink and reorganize educational strategiesC. think about the various elements which constitute what we call "communication" nowadaysD. reassure the parents about the methodology currently being used in American schools98. What's the best summary for this passage?A. New educational theories will revolutionize the way our children learn.B. The influence of new methodology will spread worldwide.C. Personal values like self-esteem will become predominant for school children in the future.D. Current education trends may jeopardize the prospects of future generations.Passage 4"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout, " “war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The team at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle age, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure pooper recognition of individuals at right or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation" .Slogans operate in society as social “symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman。