形容词、副词(一) 知识概要形容词的用法很活跃，在英语中用处也很多，但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同，要特别加以注意。
下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。
而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。
其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。
英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，其规则如下：构词法原级比较级最高级加er，或est Tallyoung talleryoungertallestyoungest只加r或st nicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、est bigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest不规则变化的形容词或副词：原级比较级最高级good better bestWell better bestbad worse worstbadly worse worstmany more mostmost more mostlittle less lestfar fartherfurtherfarthestfurthestold olderelderoldesteldest要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。
而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下：构词法形容词副词一般加ly Carefulkindcarefullykindly尾是y时将y变成i加ly HappybusyeasyHappilybusilyeasily其他trueterriblefullpossibleshywholetrulyterriblyfullypossiblyshylywholly在学习过程中要注意其变化。
此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。
能修饰比较级的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有：the very, much the, far等。
(二) 正误辨析［误］The young likes playing football very much.［正］The young like playing football very much.［析］定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。
而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。
［误］The danger has gone, so the worst are over.［正］The danger has gone, so the worst is over.［析］意为："危险已经过去，最困难的状况已结束。
"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。
［误］It is the gold age of the young.［正］It is the golden age of the young.［析］golden在英语中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金发，gulden voice金嗓子。
而gold多用于表达金质的，如：a gold bar金条，a gold coin金币，但gold fish 金鱼例外。
［误］She is a warm heart woman.［正］She is a warm hearted woman.［析］英语形容词的构词法很多，其中之一是由形容词，或数词，加名词加ed构成，如：warm hoarted 热心肠的，white haired 白毛的［误］There is an alive fish in the pool.［正］There is a living fish in the pool.［析］在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语，只能作表语。
如：The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。
［误］The ill man nearly died.［正］The sick man nearly died.［析］ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表语时则都可以。
如：He is ill sick, ill作定语时则另有他意，如：ill luck (厄运)，ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好)［误］I have important something to tell you.［正］I have something important to tell you.［析］不定代词something, anyone, somebody…在用形容词修饰时，形容词应放其后。
但要注意thing则不是不定代词，不符合上述规律。
如：I have an important thing to tell you.［误］I'll be free on next Sunday.［正］I'll be free next Sunday.［析］在表达将来时的时候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介词。
［误］The girl is two year old.［正］The girl is two years old.［正］She is a two year old girl［析］由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词，在学习时要记住两点，其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式，如：two thousand word report(两千字的报告)；其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语，即用于名词之前，而不能作表语。
［误］The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.［正］The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.［析］在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时，其顺序如下。
1. 指示代词，定冠词2. 数量词3. 性质词4. 大小5. 形状6. 老少，新旧7. 颜色8. 材料但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。
如：What a pretty little white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand.［误］The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.［正］The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.［析］good是形容词，这里是修饰动词speak的，所以应用副词well，但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。
如：He is well.(他身体很好)。
He is good.(他是个好人)。
［误］The children play on the grass nappyly.［正］The children play on the grass happily［析］多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly.［误］The teacher looked angry at the students.［正］The teacher looked angrily at the students.［析］英语中感观动词后面要接形容词，这时它是修饰主语的，如：The food smells good.食物闻起来很香。
The teacher looked angry 老师看起来很生气。
而此句的意思为："老师生气地看着学生"，所以应用副词形式。
［误］He worked with me friendly.［正］He was friendly to me.［析］不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词，但friendly是形容词，这样的词还有lovely, lonely, costly, lively…monthly weekly…。
但其中有些词既是副词，又是形容词，如：early, hourly, monthly…［误］You can speak free in front of your friends.［正］You can speak freely in front of your friends.［析］free作为形容词意为"自由的，有空闲的，免费的"。
作为副词讲则是"免费"之意。
而freely作为副词则是"自由的，随便的"。
这些要注意的词还有：hard 努力，艰苦hardly 几乎不late 迟，晚lately 最近的，最新的near 近nearly 几乎like 像likely 几乎［误］They must have arrived till now.［正］They must have arrived by now.［析］by now是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生，所以应用瞬间动词。
而till now 是强调某一动作一直持续到现在，所以一定要用持续性动词。
must have+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。
［误］Someone called you right now.［正］Someone called you just now.［析］just now有两个意思，其一是"刚才"，其二是"现在"，而right now只能用于现在的状态。
just则用于完成时态，如：I have just finished my homework.［误］My father will be back from America at present.［正］My father will be back from America presently.［析］presently有两个意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美语中是现在之意，与at present 相同。