一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane—aeroplanespace—aerospaceanti-：against；opposite of nuclear—antinuclearmatter—antimatterwar—antiwarauto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticismbe-：to treat as the stated thing friend—befriendlittle—belittlebi-：two；twice；doublelingual—bilingualcycle—bicyclebio-：concerning living things chemistry—biochemistrysphere—biosphereby-，bye-：less importantproduce—by-produceway—bywaycenti-：hundredth partgrade—centigrademeter—centimeterco-：together，withauthor—coauthorexist—coexistcol-：( used before l ) together，with location—collocationcom-：( used before b，m，p ) together，withpassion—compassioncon-：together，withcentric—concentricfederation—confederationcontra-：oppositediction—contradictionnatural—contranaturalcor-：( used before r ) together，withrelate—correlaterespond—correspondcounter-：oppositeact—counteractattack—counterattackcross-：across；going between the stated things and joining themcountry—crosscountrybreed—crossbreedde-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reducecode—decodevalue—devaluedis-：not；the opposite ofadvantage—disadvantageagree—disagreehonest—dishonestem-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to becomebody—embodypower—empoweren-：to cause to become；to makedanger—endangerlarge—enlargeex-：former ( and still living )minister—ex-ministerwife—ex-wifeextra-：outside；beyondcurricular—extracurricularordinary—extraordinaryfore-：in advance，before；in or at the frontarm—forearmwarn—forewarnil-：( used before l ) notlegal—illegalliterate—illiterateim-：( used before b，m，p ) notmoral—immoralpossible—impossiblein-：notdirect—indirectsensitive—insensitiveinfra-：below in a range；beyondred—infraredstructure——infrastructureinter-：between；amongchange——interchangenational——internationalintra-：inside，within；intocity——intracitydepartment——intra-departmentir-：（used before r）notregular——irregularresponsible——irresponsiblekilo-：thousandgram——kilogrammeter——kilometermacro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather thanparticular parts ofeconomics——macroeconomicsstructure——macrostructuremal-：bad or badly function——malfunction treat——maltreatmicro-：extremely small computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronicsmid-：middleday——middaynight——midnightmini-：small；shortbus——minibusskirt——miniskirtmis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstandmono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotonemulti-：more than one；many purpose——multipurpose national——multinationalnon-：notresident——non(-)resident sense——nonsenseout-：outside；beyondlive——outlivedoor——outdoorover-：too much；above；additional head——overheadtime——overtimepoly-：manycentric——polycentricsyllabic——polysyllabicpost-：later than；aftergraduate——postgraduatewar——postwarpre-：before；in advancepay——prepaywar——prewarpro-：in favor of，supportingAmerica——pro-Americaabortion——pro-abortionpseudo-：not real；falsename——pseudonymscience——pseudosciencere-：again；back to the former stateunite——reuniteuse——reuseself-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or inoneself or itselfemployed——self-employedtaught——self-taughtsemi-：half；partlycircle——semicirclefinal——semifinalstep-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother——stepmotherchildren——stepchildrensub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated biggerwholedivide——subdividesection——subsectionsuper-：more，larger，greater than usualmarket——supermarketnatural——supernaturaltele-：at or over a long distance；by or for televisioncommunication——telecommunicationscreen——telescreentherm(o)-：concerning heatchemistry——thermochemistrymeter——thermometertrans-: across, on or to the other side of ; betweenAtlantic—transatlanticplant—transplanttri-: three; three timesangular—triangularcycle—tricycleultra-: beyond; very, extremelymodern—ultramodernsound—ultrasoundun-: notcertain—uncertainfortunate—unfortunateunder-: too little; belowdevelop—underdevelopsea—underseauni-: one, singerform—uniformdirectional—unidirectionalvice-: next in the rank; belowchairman—vice-chairmanpresident—vice-president2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability，-ibilityflexible—flexibility-agepost—postage short—shortage-alarrive—arrival refuse—refusal-an，-ian，-arian library—librarian music—musician-ance，-ence appear—appearance refer—reference-ancy，-ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy-ant，-ent apply—applicant correspond—correspondent -cyaccurate—accuratcy private—privacy-domking—kingdom free—freedom-eeemploy—employee interview—interviewee-er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar-erybrave—bravery-eseChina—Chinaese Japan—Japanese-essactor—actress waiter—waitress-fulhand—handful spoon—spoonful-hoodchild—childhood man—manhood-ics electron—electronics linguist—linguistics-ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation-ismMarx—Marxism socialist—socialism-ist psychiatry—psychiatrist violin—violinist-ity，-tycruel—cruelty pure—purity-mentmove—movement retire——retirement-nessdark——darknesshappy——happiness-ologyclimate——climatology future——futurology-shipfriend——friendship scholar——scholarship-sion，-ssiondecide——decision expand——expansion-thgrow——growthwide——width-ureclose——closure expose——exposure(2)动词前缀-endeep——deepenfast——fasten-ifyclass——classify simple——simplify-ize，-isemodern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize(3)形容词后缀-able，-iblesuit——suitable question——questionable-alnature——natural structure——structural-an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian-ant，-entdiffer——different please——pleasant-ary，-ory advise——advisory custom——customary-ate consider——considerate fortune——fortunate-engold——golden wood——wooden-eseChina——Chinese Japan——Japanese-freecare——carefree duty——duty-free-fulcare——careful pain——painful-ic，-icalatom——atomic psychology——psychological-ishgirl——girlish child——childish-ivecreate——creative support——supportive-less hope——hopeless pain——painless-likechild——childlike lady——ladylike-lyman——manly month——monthly-ous，-ious danger——dangerous poison——poisonous-sometire——tiresome trouble——troublesome-ward down——downward up——upward-yguilt-guiltynoise-noisy(4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easilyheavy-heavily-ward，-wardseast-eastward(s)north-northward(s)-wiseclock-clockwiseother-otherwise前缀1, a-1) 加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”。