5. Praise and criticism
Be generous with praise. If you will give both praise and criticism, begin with praise. Maybe present a “criticism sandwich” (praise, then criticism, then praise). Give criticism at an appropriate time and place. Criticize or praise the behavior, not the person. Avoid sarcasm. Be specific in your criticisms, and provide suggestions for improvement.
Eye Contact – Don’t: Look out the window, at ceiling, at wall, at floor Look at one spot Forget to look at the back row Let notes get in the way of eye contact Look over the heads of the audience
Teaching Techniques
组员：宋春艳 邓美香 汪俊 吴梦霞 李丁玲 吴刘爽 2010-4-8
Teaching Techniques:
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美国心理学家艾伯特·梅拉别恩做了许多实验后 得出这样一个公式： 10％文字 40％音调 50％肢体语言
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
信息的总效果
1. Vocal skills
① Volume (音量) ② Articulation (口齿清晰) ③ Pitch (音调) ④ Speed (语速) ⑤ Pause (停顿) ⑥ Stress (重音)
2. Non-verbal skills
① Eye contact (眼神交流) ② Facial expression (面部表情) ③ Gestures (手势) ④ Body position (身体位置) ⑤ Appearance (外表) ⑥ Posture (姿势)
① Eye Contact – Do
Make frequent eye contact with all students in the class.
Because research shows that there is a strong link between the amount of eye contact people receive and their degree of participation in group communication. We can also use eye contact as a correction technique. e.g. As the lesson starts, walk around the room looking to check whether the learners are ready -- books out, pens and paper handy, mobile phones off. If not, eye contact should suffice to rectify the situation.
Stimulating Students’ Motivation
Model interest in learning Communicate desirable expectations Induce task interest or appreciation Create uncertainty leading to a felt need to know more Project intensity and enthusiasm
Ancient Chinese Proverb:
Tell me, I forget. Show me, I remember. Involve me, I understand.
4.Motivation
• Types of Student Motivation
[1] Extrinsic Incentives [2] Intrinsic Motivation
⑤ Appearance (外表)
Dress appropriately considering the expectations of your students and the culture in which you are teaching
⑥ Posture (姿势) Posture -Do
Stand up straight.
Posture -Don’ts
Lean on the podium Stand with hands on hips Sway back and forth Stand with arms folded across chest Arms behind back Bury hands in pockets
References:
1. Ken Bain. What the Best College Teachers Do. Peking University Press.2007. 2. H. Douglas Brown. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.2006. 3. 肖惜主编. 英语教师职业技能训练简明教程. 高等教育出版社. 2007.
Examples:
1.Marriage is an institution in which a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's status. 2.Why are the superstars so cool？ Because there are so many fans. 3.Which two words contain thousands of letters？ Post Office
3. Humor
• • • • • • • • Self-deprecating Shared stereotypes Brain-twister （脑筋急转弯） 脑筋急转弯） Polysemy （一词多义） 一词多义） Homophony （谐音） 谐音） Analogy （类比） 类比） Figure of speech Expression or posture
When Things Go Wrong How should we do
6. Discipline
State clearly and explicitly to your students what your expectations are regarding their behavior in class, attendance, and any extra-class obligations. Try, initially, to resolve disciplinary matters outside of class time so that valuable class minutes aren’t spent focusing on one student. In resolving disciplinary problems, try to find the source of the problem rather than treating symptoms. If a reminder, reprimand, or other form of verbal disciplinary action is warranted, do your best to preserve the dignity of the student. If you cannot resolve a recurring disciplinary problem, then consult your institution’s counselor or administrator.
② Facial expression (面部表情)
Your face should reflect optimism, brightness, and warmth. SMILE!
③ Gestures (手势)
主要五种手势：点、划、压、抬、挥
④ Body position (身体位置)
Do not plant your feet firmly in one place for the whole hour Move around the classroom, but not to distraction