) (精有机化学专业英语词汇-ene 烯醛缩醇 acetalepi- 表 acetal- 乙酰epoxy- 环氧酸 acid-ester 酯 -al 醛-ether alcohol 醇醚ethoxy- 醛乙氧基 -aldehydeethyl alkali- 碱乙基烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] allylfluoro- 氟代 alkoxy- 烷氧基form 仿 -amide 酰胺氨基的 amino--glycol -amidine 脒二醇-amine 胺hemi- 半烷-anehendeca- 十一酐 anhydridehepta- 七anilino- 苯胺基heptadeca- 十七 aquo- 含水的hexa- -ase 六酶hexadeca- -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯十六-hydrin 醇 -atriyne 三炔hydro- 氢或水偶氮 azo-hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次 benzene 苯hyper- 高级的，高在盐类前表示酸式盐bi-bis- 双-ic 酸的，高价金属硼烷-borane-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐bromo- 溴偶酰-il 丁基butyl亚胺-imine碘iodine 甲醇-carbinol羰基碘代iodo- carbonyliso- 异，等，同羧酸-carboxylic acid-2 -ite 亚酸盐centi- 10氯代chloro-cis- 顺式酮 keto-酮ketone 缩合的、冷凝的condensed环cyclo-内酯-lactonedeca- 十6-1 deci 10mega- 10 间，偏啶-dine meta-十二dodeca- methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基 1-6 micro- 10-3ter- milli- 10三tetra- 四 mono- ( mon-) 一，单tetradeca- 十四-9tetrakis- 四个 nano- 10thio- nitro- 硝基硫代trans- 亚硝基反式，超，跨 nitroso-thio- 硫代nona- 九tri- nonadeca- 十九三trideca- 十三tris- 三个octa- 八octadeca- 十八undeca- 十一 -oic 酸的uni- 单，一 -ol 醇unsym- -one 酮不对称的，偏位邻，正，原 ortho--yl -ous 亚酸的，低价金属基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上氧杂oxa- )-yne 氧化合物炔 -oxide-oxime 肟organic compounds 酮有机化合物 oxo-compounds of carbon oxy- 碳化合物氧化hydrocarbons and -oyl 酰their derivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry para- 对位，仲有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构penta- 五chemical bond 化学键 pentadeca- 十五covalent bond 共价键高，过per-hybrid orbital 石油杂化轨道 petro-bond length phenol 键长苯酚bond angle phenyl 苯基键角-12bond energypico- 10键能polarity poly- 聚，多极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution quadri- 四构造contiguration五quinque- 构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学半semi-tetrahedral七septi- 正四面体cis-sesqui 顺一个半trans-反 sulfa- 磺胺isomerism 对称sym- 同分异构现象isomersyn- 异构体顺式，同，共stereoisomer立体异构2constitutional isomer构造异构 Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环structural formula 结构式Large ring 大环 octet八隅体Bridged-ring system 桥环体系 perspective 透视式Spiro compound eclipsed conformation重叠式构象螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子 staggered conformation交叉式构象Octahedral compound 八面体化合物纽曼投影式newman projectionConjugation 共轭 functional group 官能团Conjugated-system chain compoud 链状化合物共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子 heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子 -dipole-dipole interactions 偶极Ketyl radical 羰自由基偶极相互作用Radical ion 自由基离子范德华力van der Waals forcesRadical cation hydrogen bonding 氢键自由基正离子Radical anion 偶极矩自由基负离子 dipole momentIsomerism electronegativity 电负性异构[现象]Aci form 酸式物理性质physical propertyFluxional structure melting point熔点循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学boiling point 沸点Optical activity 反应机理光学活性 reaction mechanismDextro isomer 均裂homolysis 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 自由基左旋异构体 free redicalTetrahedral configuration heterolysis 四面体异裂构型离子型 ionic typeStereoisomerism electrophilic reagent立体异构[亲电试剂现象]Asymmetric atom electrophilic reaction亲电反应不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳亲核试剂nucleophilic reagent Pseudoasymmetric carbon nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应假不对称碳英文名汉文名Phantom atom 虚拟原子角甲基Angular methyl groupHomotopic 等位[的] Alkylidene group 亚烷基Heterotopic 异位[的]烯丙基Allyl groupEnantiotopic 对映异位] [烯丙型Allylic 的[的]Diastereotopic 苯基Phenyl group 非对映异位[的]Configuration Aryl group 构型芳基Absolute configuration 苄基Benzyl group 绝对构型Chirality [Benzylic 苄型]的手性Chiral 手性[的活化基团Activating group ]Chiral center 手性中心 Chromophore 生色团Chiral molecule 手性分子助色团AuxochromeAchiral 非手性磁Magnetically anisotropic group [的]Fischer projection 各向异性基团费歇尔投影式小环Smally ring 纽曼投影式 Neoman projection3D-L system of nomenclature D-L命Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象名体系Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象 R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命Gauche conformation, skew 名体系con-formation 邻位交叉构象Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序Staggered conformation 对位交叉构规则象 Symmetry factor 对称因素Steric effect 空间效应 Plane of symmetry 对称面Steric hindrance 位阻Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Atropismer 对映[异构]阻转异构体体Enantiomer Puckered ring 体折叠环 Diastereomer 非对映[异构]Conformational inversion Epimer 差向异构体构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象 ]Anomer 端基[差向异构体Boat conformation Erythro configuration 赤型构型船型构象Twist conformation 赤型异构体扭型构象 Erythro isomerSkew boat conformation Threo configuration 苏型构型扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构苏型异构体 Threo isomer象三角型碳Trigonal carbonPseudorotation Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构假旋转Envelope conformation 信封E isomer E异构体 [型]构象Z isomer Z异构体Axial bond 直[立内型异构体Endo isomer ]键Equatorial bond 平 Exo isomer 外型异构体[伏]键Cisoid conformation 前手性Prochirality 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象 Pro-R group 前R基团Retention of configuration 构型保基团前Pro-S proup S持 Re face Re面Regioselectivity 区域选择性面Si face SiRegiospecificity 区域专一性 Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Stereocelectivity 立体选择性外消旋化合物Racemic compound Stereospecificty 立体专一性Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体Conformer 溶液构象异构体Conformational effect Meso compound 内消旋化合物构象效应Cram'准外消旋体Quasi recemate s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog'rule 普雷洛格规则 Conformation 构象Stereochemical orientation 构象分析Conformational 立体[化学]取向 Torsion angle 扭转角Conformational transmission 旋转异构体Rotamer 构象传递反式构象Anti conformationHomolog 等分构象Bisecting conformation 同系物Ipso position 本位Anti periplanar conformation 反叠Ortho position 构象邻位Meta position 顺叠构Synperiplanar conformation 间位象对位 Para position4Amphi position 远位 Pauling electronegativity scale鲍林电负性标度 Peri position 近位Polarizability 三角杂化可极化性Trigonal hybridizationInductive effect 诱导效应Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道Field effect 场效应法Electrical effect 电场效应 Valence bond method 价键法tautomerism 互变异构Delocalezed bond 离域键Tautomerization 互变异构化 Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Keto-enol tautomerism 酮 Vinylog 插烯物-烯醇互变异构 Mesomeric effect 中介效应Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-共振酮互变Resonance异构共振效应Resonance effectImine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺超共轭 -烯Hyperconjugation胺互变异构Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变共轭异构 No-bond resonance 无键共振Valence tautomerism 价互变异构 Aromaticity 芳香性Ambident Aromatic sexter 两可[ 的]芳香六隅Solvent effect 溶剂效应休克尔规则 rule Huckel'Acid-base catalyxed reaction 顺磁环Paramagnetic ring current 酸性溶剂电流Basic solvent 抗磁环电Diamagnetic ring cruuent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数流Solvated electron Homoaromaticity 溶剂化电子同芳香性Acid-base catalyzed reaction Antiaromaticity 反芳香性酸碱催化反应交替烃Alternant hydrocarbonConjugate base 共轭酸Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替Conjugate base 烷共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度 Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度电环Electrocyclic rearrangementElectron donof-acceptor重排化[]complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体 Conrotatory 顺旋]受体络合物对旋DisroatatoryHost Cycloaddition 环加成主体Guest 客体对称Symmetry forbidden-reactionPrimary isotope effect 禁阻反应一级同位素效应同面反应Synfacial reactionSecondary isotope effect 二级同位 Antarafacial reaction 异面反应数效应默比乌斯体系Mobius systemInverse isotope effect 路易斯结构Leois structure 逆同位素效应配位共价Coordinate-covalent bondKinetic control 动力学控制键Thermodynamic control 香蕉键Banana bond 热力学控制Substrate 底物5Intermediate 中间体 Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-lar electrophilic 活泼中间体 Reactive intermediate substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲Microscopic reversibility 微观可电取代逆性Unimolecular elimination 单分子消Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说除线性自由能 Linear free energyBimolecular elimination 双分子消Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作除用Unimolecular elimination through 扭转效应 Torsional effectthe conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消Pitzer strain 皮策张力除 Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Bimolecular elimination through 重叠效应 Eclipsing effectthe conjugate base Eclipsing strain 重叠张力双分子共轭碱消除小角张力Small-angle strainBimolecular elimination with Large angle strain 大角张力for-mation of a carbonyl group Transannular interaction 双跨环相互分子羰基形成消除作用Unimolecular acid-catalyzedTransannular strain 跨环张力acyl-oxygen cleavage 内张力单分子酸催化I strain酰氧断裂F strain 前张力Bimolecular base-catalyzed后张力 B strainacyl-oxygen cleavage 端基异构效应Anomeric effect 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂 Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Racemization 外消旋化alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催Isoinversion 等反转化烷氧断裂等消旋IsoracemizationBimllecular base-catalyzed al- 纯手性] [的Homochiralkyl-oxygen cleavage 机理Mechanism 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂 Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙亲核取代型络合机理Bimolecular nucleophilicBorderline mechanism 边理机理双分子亲核取代sub-stitution Homolysis 均裂 Bimolecular nucleophilicHeterolysis 异裂substi-tution(with allylicHeterolytic michanism 异裂机理双分子亲核取代rearrange-ment) Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子（含烯丙型重排）Ion pair Internal nucleophilic离子对Carbocation substiru-tion 碳正离子分子内亲核取代Nonclassical carbocation Aromatic nucleophilic非经典碳正离子芳香亲核取代substitu-tionCarbanion 碳负离子Unimolecular electrophilicMasked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子单分子亲电取代sub-stitution Carbenoid 卡宾体Bimolecular electrophilicsubsti-tution 卡宾双分子亲电取代Carbene6Nitrene 氮宾 Neighboring group participation邻基基参与 Carbine 碳炔Neighboring proupElectrophilic addition 亲电加成assistance,anchimeric assistance Electrophile 亲电体邻助作用Diaxial addition 双直键加成Neighboring group effect Markovnikov's rube马尔科夫尼科邻基效应Apofacial reaction 规则反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏Aryl action 加成芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Michael addition 迈克尔加成Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Substitution 取代Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采Electrophilic substitution 亲电取夫定向代Hofmann's rule 霍夫曼规则Addition-elimination mechanism 加Bredt rule 布雷特规则成消除机理Initiation 引发Electrophilic aromaticAnionic cleavage 负离子裂解亲电芳香取代 substitu-tionPartial bond fixation 电子转移键[的]部分Electron transfer固定化给电子基Electron-donating group02．3有机化学反应团Alkylation 烷基化吸电子Electron-Withdrawing groupC- alkylation C-烷基化基团O- alkylation O- 烷基化钝化基团Deactivating groupN-alkylation N-烷基化 Orinentation 取向Silylation 硅烷Ortho-para directing group 邻对位[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化定位基Seco alkylation 间位定位基Meta directing group 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化 Ortho effect 邻位效应Ethylation 乙基化分速度系数Partial rate factorArylation 亲核反应芳基化 Nucleophilic reactionAcylation Internal return 酰化内返Formylation Nucleophilicity 亲核体甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 亲核性Nucleophilicity 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation αα-effect 氨羰基化效应-Carboxylation 羧基化背面进攻Backside attackAmination 氨基化反转InversionBisamination 双氨基化 Umbrella effect 伞效应Cine substitution 移位取代推拉效应Push-pull effectTransamination 离去基团Leaving group 氨基交换Hydroxylation Electrofuge 离电体羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化 Nucleofuge 离核体Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤相转移催Phase-transfer catalysis化化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化7Retro Diels-Alder reaction 脱卤逆第尔Dehalogenation斯 -阿尔德反应 Nitration 硝化Ene synthesis Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加化成亚硝化 NitrosationDipolar addition 偶极加成Sulfonation 磺化- elimination - Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化消除- elimination -消除Desulfonation 脱磺酸基- elimination -消除 Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化-elimination -消除磺酰化SulfonylationDehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢 Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Deamination 脱氨基 Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除 Diazotization 重氮化Elimination-addition 消除-重氮基转移Diazo transfer 加成Decarboxylation 偶联反应脱羧 Coupling reactionDecarboxamidation Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基交叉偶联 Cross-coupling reactionAlkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 反应烷基裂解加成 1,4-addition 1，4-Acylolysis,acyl cleavage Conjugate addition 共轭加成酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂 Dimerization 二聚Fragmentation 碎裂三聚TrimefizationChiletropic reaction Additive dimerization 加成二聚螯键反应Chelation 螯环化硫化sulfurizationEsterification 硒化酯化 SelenylationTransesterification Hydroboration 酯交换硼氢化Saponification Oxyamination 羟氨基化皂化Alcoholysis 醇解插入InsertionEthanolysis 羧基化乙醇解 carbonylationCyanomethylation Hydroformylation 氰甲基化加氢甲酰基化Aminomethylation Hydroacylation 加氢酰化氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羰基合成Oxo process 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation Decarbonylation 脱羰羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氢羧基化Hydrocarboxylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation Homologization 同系化卤烷基化Transacetalation 氰乙基化Cyanoethylation 缩醛交换Enolization 脱氰乙基Decyanoethylation 烯醇化Haloform reaction 环合Ring clsure 卤仿反应Condensation 双烯合成缩合 Diene synthesisAldol condensation 羟醛缩合亲双烯体DienophileCross aldol condensation 内型加成Endo addition 交叉羟醛缩合外型加成Exo additionRetrograde aldol condensation 第尔斯Diels-Alder reaction 尔德-逆羟醛缩合反应8Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合 Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement Cyclization 环化质了转移重排Annulation,annelation 增环反应Double bond migration 双键移位Spiroannulation 螺增环Allylic migration 烯丙型重排 Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic migration Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应氢过氧化 ]Ring expansion,ring enlargement Epoxidation 环氧化扩环[反应]Oxonolysis 臭氧解-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排 Electrochemical oxidation 电化学Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排氧化Retropinacol rearrangement 氧化脱逆频哪Oxidative decarboxylation醇重排羧Semipinacol rearrangement Aromatization 芳构化半频哪醇重排 Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸多相Heterogeneous hydrogenation重排氢化Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排均相氢Homogeneous hydrogenation Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向化Transannular insertion 催化脱Catalytic dehydrogenation 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 氢跨环重排转移氢化Transfer hydrogenation Migration 迁移 Hydrogenolysis 氢解Prototropy 质子转移溶解金Dissolving metal reductionCationotropic rearrangement 属还原正离子转移重排Single electron transfer 单电子转Anionotropy 移负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子双分子还原Bimolecular reduction转移重排Electrochemical reduction 电化学Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重还原排还原烷基化 Reductive alkylationHomosigmatropic rearrangement Reductive acylation 同还原酰化迁移重排Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电脱氧Deoxygenation重排 Desulfurization 脱硫Photosensitization 光敏化脱硒DeselenizationForbidden transition 禁阻跃迁 Mitallation 金属化photooxidation 光氧化锂化LithiationPhotoisomerization 氢金属化Hydrometallation 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 汞化Mercuration 光化学重排Oxymercuration 羟汞化2Aminomercuration ．4 氨汞化有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound Abstraction ]反应[夺取脂肪族化合物Internal abstraction ]反应[内夺取碳氢化合物Hpdrocarbon9Alkane 烷 Oxime 肟Aldimine Wax 蜡醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物Paraffin wax 石蜡aldoxime 硝酮 Alkene 烯Hydrazone 腙 Alkyen 炔Azine Acetylide 炔化物嗪Semicarbazone Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 化合物羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Carbon acid 碳氢酸Enol 烯醇 Super acid 超酸Enol ether 烯醇醚双烯DieneEnol ester 烯醇酯 Triene 三烯Enamine 烯胺 Allene 丙二烯Ynamine 炔胺 Ccumulene 累积多烯Mannich base 曼尼希碱烯炔EnyneCarboxylic acid 羧酸 Diyne 二炔Ester 酯Alkyl halide 卤代烷orthoester 原酸酯Alcohol 醇Acyl halide 酰卤高烯丙醇Homoallylic alcoholAcyl fluoride Ether 醚酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯 Epoxide 环氧化物Acyl rtomide 酰溴溶纤剂 CellosolveAcyl iodide 冠醚Crown ether 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯 Netro compound 硝基化合物Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐胺AmineKetene Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵乙烯酮Peracid 过酸化合物Perester 氧化胺过酸酯 Amine oxideAcyl peroxide Diazoalkane 酰基过氧化物重氮烷Nitrile Mercaptan 硫醇腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈磺酸Sulfonic acidIsonitrile 异腈 Sulfoxide 亚砜Amide 酰胺砜SulfoneImide 二酰亚胺 Aldehyde 醛N-bromo compound N- 溴化物酮Detone Hydrazide 酰肼醛水合物Aldehyde hydrateAcyl azide 酰叠氮酮水合物Ketone hydrateAmidine 脒 Hemiacetal 半缩醛Keto ester 酮酸酯缩醛AcetalAcyl cyanide 缩酮Ketal 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二噻烷Dithiane 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid Aminal 环氧丙酸缩醛胺Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸亚胺imine 醛亚胺Aldimine 氨基甲酸酯 Carbamate10Urea 脲 Cyanamide 氨腈 Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺 Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯 Thiol acid 硫羰酸 Lactone 内酯 Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯 Amino acid 氨基酸 Zwitterions 两性离子内盐Innersalt甜菜碱Betaine内酰胺Lactam乙内酰脲Hydantion肽Peptide二醇Glycol羟醛Aldol偶姻Acyloin碳水化合物Carbohydrate醛糖Aldose酮糖KetoseFuranose 呋喃糖 Pyranose 吡喃糖 Glycoside 糖苷 ]糖苷葡[萄Glucoside 苷元Aglycon糖类Saccharide寡糖Oligosaccharide多糖Polysaccharide糖醇AlditolOsazone 脎 Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物环烷CycloalkeneSpirane 环烯 Cage compound 螺烷 Propellane 笼型化合物螺桨烷Rotazane Catenane 轮烷索烃Rused ring11。