英语语法讲解——主谓一致英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式. 主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结: 一, 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数.如: A young man and a girl want to go there.一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里.但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如:A needle and thread was found on the floor.在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针).2. 当each ...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no..., many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如:①No man and no animal is to be found on the moo n.在月球上没发现人和动物.②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作.3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数.如:Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are s tudying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程.但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数.如:The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.14课是最后一课也是最难的一课.4. 由not only... but also ... , either...or ... , neither... nor... , ... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.如:Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责.5. 当主语由as well as, along with, together with, rathe r than, no less than（不少于，多达）, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定.如:①An iron and steal works, with some satellite factorie s is to be built here.在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂.②Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Sat urday.每个星期六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰.二,百分数,分数作主语时的主谓一致当百分数,分数后面加名词或代词时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如果是复数名词或代词,谓语动词用复数;如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词,谓语动词用单数.如:①Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生.②Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋.三, 不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1. 不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither和由some, any, no, every+one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如:①Neither of us has gone through regular training.我们两个都没经过正规训练.②Nobody wants to go there, does he？没有人想去那里,是吧？③Something has been done to end the strike.已经采取措施制止罢工了.2. none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法.如:①None of us seem to have thought of it.似乎我们全都没有想到这一点.②None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one)我们都没有照相机.3. both, (a) few, many, several作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式.如:Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器.4. all作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数;表示物时,谓语动词用单数.如:①All is well that ends well.结果好一切都好.②All are eager to reach an agreement.大家都急于达成一项协议.四, 表示"全体","部分"等意义的词作主语时的主谓一致1.当主语是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时,其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则:如果of后面的名词是单数,则用单数;如果of后面的名词表示复数,则用复数.如:①Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here.我们中的三个人去,其余的人留在这里.②After the big fire, the remainder is nothing.大火之后什么也没剩下.2. 当town, school, village 等分别表示总称的"镇民", "全校师生","村民"时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数.有时可用t he 或加形容词whole修饰.如:①The whole school were / was sorry when she left.她离开时,全校师生都很伤心.②The whole town is / are in agreement about the pla n.全体镇民都同意这项计划.五, "the+形容词/过去分词"作主语时的主谓一致当"the +形容词/过去分词"表示一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数;如果指某一抽象概念时,谓语动词则用单数.如:①The sick here are very well cared for.这里的病人都被照顾得很好.②The true is to be distinguished from the false.真实与虚假应加以区别.六, 形式为复数,意义为单数的名词作主语时的主谓一致1. 表示时间,距离,金额,重量,计量,空间,体积等意义的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式.如:①Eight hours of sleep is enough.八小时的睡眠足够了.②Ten pounds was missing from the till.钱柜里的10英镑不见了.2. 以数字作主语的词或短语,有时可以看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.如:Thirty-six from forty-five leaves nine.四十五减去三十六等于九.注:两数相加或两数相乘,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式.如:Six times seven are / is forty-two.六乘以七等于四十二.3. 主语为以-ics结尾的学科名称时,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如:Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.政治常常是我们讨论的话题.4. 以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如:New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》的销路很广.5. 群岛,山脉,瀑布等专有名词如:the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.如: Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.尼亚加拉瀑布是一个壮丽的景象.6.一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers, pants, s horts, glasses, scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如: Her glasses are new.她的眼镜是新的.但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.如: This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou.这把剪刀是杭州制造的.七,number many a ... 等作主语时的主谓一致1.the number of ... (……的数目)作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而 a number of ...(许多……)作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如: The number of mistakes is surprising.错误之多是惊人的.2.many a, more than one+单数名词构成的短语,尽管意义上是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式.如:Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.很多同志都有那种机遇.八,集体名词作主语时的主谓一致1.有生命的词,如:cattle, police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.如:The police are investigating the crime.警察正在调查这次犯罪活动.2.无生命的词,如:foliage(叶子),machinery (机械),merchand ise (商品,货物)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.这家工厂的全部机器都是中国制造的.3. audience, class, crew(全体船员),committee(委员会),fa mily, team, group等作主语时,如果指一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指全体中的每一个成员则用复数形式.如:①The football team is being recognized.(他们)正在重建这个足球队.②The football team are having baths and then they a re coming back here for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡,然后他们会回到这里来喝茶.九,"one of +复数名词+定语从句" 结构中的主谓一致1.在"one of +复数名词+定语从句" 结构中,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定.如:This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fi re.这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一.2. 在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句" 结构中,定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式.如:Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘.十,从句,动词不定式,-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致1. 在"主系表"结构中,如果以what从句作主语,表语又是单数,主句的谓语动词一般用单数;如果表语是复数,主句的谓语动词一般用复数.动词不定式,动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.如:①What caused the accident is a complete mystery.事故是由什么引起的完全是个谜.②What his father left him are a few English books.他父亲留给他的只是几本英语书而已.③To learn English well is difficult.学好英语是困难的.2.当what从句具有两个或两个以上的动词,是表示复数意义的并列结构时,主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式.如:What I say and think are none of your business.我说的和我想的都与你无关.3.以who, why, how,whether或that引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式.如:Why she did this is not known.她为什么做这件事还不清楚.注:由how and why, when and where引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.如:How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness.他为什么以及怎样来到新泽西普林斯顿是一个充满着斗争,成功和悲哀的故事.4.and连接的两个名词性从句作主语,如果表示两件事情,其谓语动词常用复数形式.如:What caused the accident and who was responsible f or it remain a mystery to us.造成事故的原因是什么,谁应对事故负责,对我们来说还是一个谜.。