英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“ 近原”“就近一致原” (Proximity），即：与靠近的名、代（有不一定是主）在“人称、数”上一致。

在正式文体中：1. 由下列接的并列主："there be ＋句型 ; or ; either；⋯norr; neither⋯nor；whether ⋯ or；not ⋯ but; not only⋯but also"等;。

e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行或言都与我无关。

②N either you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没。

③N ot you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父受。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不你了，他也了。

2. 在倒装句中：可与后面第一个主一致。

e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在，能听鼓掌声和人的呼喊声。

②T here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支笔和几本。

II.非正式文体中：有依“就近一致原”，但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“ 法一致原”。

e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意一致)我和他当都不在那儿。

（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原”而与其他两原相矛盾，常常是不太合符范的。

e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .他自己的支持者同意他的意。

（依“就近”和“意”一致的原；但法上，“ No one ”才是主，要改成“agrees ”。

“写作中”一般要依“ 法一致”原。

英语就近原则短语1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as ；（together/along ）with ；rather than ；except ；besides ；but ；including ； in addition to ；apart from例子： He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来 ,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。

本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。

一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,besides, including等+名词或代词连用时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。

1.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting amuseum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2.A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3.E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part indaily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4.Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known5. All but one ________ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were二、当either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。

6.Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students atthe meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having oneexamination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be三、当“ the only one of +复数名词+ 定语从句” ,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“ one of +复数名词+定语从句” ,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 ,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。

8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship forthree years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been9.She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten. A.is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well四、当 news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。

10.Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used五、当分数 (百分数 )+of+ 名词作主语时 ,谓语动词的数取决于of 后面名词的数。

11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are六、 the number of...(⋯⋯的数目)短作主,用数形式;当a numberof...( 多⋯⋯)短作主 ,用复数形式。

12.The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were七、当“疑+不定式” 构作主,常用数形式。

13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided以上从七个方面了主一致的特殊情况,但在学中不止些,希望同学在以后的学中此多加留意,以不断丰富、充其内容,未来高考做好准。

参考答案 : 1 — 5 AAABD 6 — 10 DBDBC 11 — 13 CCA。