单元：Unit 3 Science Versus Nature板块：语法语法精讲动词的-ed形式（过去分词）一、构成和用法1、过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。

例如：1）作状语：Interested in the stories (＝as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance. 因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。

The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (＝and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。

2）作定语：The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（＝that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep. 第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。

The name mentioned in the letter（＝which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。

3）作表语：We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。

4）作宾语补足语：He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。

问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动．．”．含义。

b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。

2、下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。

At present China is still less developed than most of western countries. 目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。

Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。

问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。

3、过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。

如：Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。

4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。

如：Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。

5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。

1）副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）2）名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）3）另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：Kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的），warm-blooded（温血的）二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：amaze（使吃惊）—amazed—amazing; excite（使兴奋）—excited—exciting, please（使满意）—pleased—pleasing, thrill（使紧张）—thrilled—thrilling等。

这类过去分词表示：①“感到……的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human. 公众对他克隆人的意图感到震．．．惊．。

The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到．．．父母苦笑了笑。

．．）失望的②流露出……的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词，如：The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情．．．．．。

现在分词则表示“令人（感到）……的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。

如：The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望．．．．。

They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的．．．．．消息欣喜若狂。

试比较：the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。

三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义；过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。

如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。

如下图：1. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken2. ---- Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?---- _____ the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend ______.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play5. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening6. Could you give me a hand ______ from a car, please?A. to carry the shoppingB. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying shoppingD. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of ______ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A. going overB. to go overC. go overD. our going over8. Who did the teacher have ______ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writtenB. writingC. writeD. to write9. ______ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A. BeingB. When stillC. Because ofD. While10. It is worth much______ is worth doing.A. doing itB. what to doC. do whatD. to do what11. There is always the chance ______ the weak ____ the strong.A. of, defeatingB. about, defeatingC. of, winningD. of, to defeat12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ____ her.A. have seenB. seeingC. seeD. be seen13. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _____ in all 20,000 people.A. seatingB. seatedC. sittingD. to seating14. “ If ,” he added, “ _____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to giveB. I was givenC. givenD. to be given15. ---- Can’t you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?---- Sure. _____ my way and I will be glad to.A. PayB. If you payC. To payD. Paying16. ______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______.A. Giving; raisedB. Given; raisedC. Given; risenD. Giving; rising17.---- Shall we go swimming?---- Ok, I’ll just go and get _______.A. to changeB. myself changedC. changedD. to be changed18. ---- Would you do me a favor?---- I regret ______ I am busy just now.A. to sayB. sayingC. having saidD. to have said19. I have no one _____ me, for I am a new comer here.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. to have helped20. The building ____ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. builtB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built21. There’s ____ what the weather wi ll be like tomorrow.A. no knowingB. not knownC. not knowingD. no known22. ---- You ___ part in the party on time.---- Sorry, I was delay by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeB. were to have taken D. supposed to take23. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared24. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticing25. The matter ____ your study surely requires ____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to; having dealt with26. Everything ___ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking27. ---- What do you think of the plan?---- It’s easie r said than _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out28. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛) because they knew what ____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____to themselves.A. to introduceB. to be introducedC. introducingD. being introduced30. ---- Were you at home last Sunday?---- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed31. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying32. ____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vocation being overB. The summer vocation is overC. Because the summer vocation overD. After the summer vocation being over33. ____ she can’t come, who will do the work?A. SupposedB. SupposingC. Having supposedD. Being supposed34. ---- Is there anything you want from town?---- No, thank you. But I would like to get ______.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mail those lettersD. those letters mail35. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could ____ the rooms.A. tidy upB. to clear awayC. clear awayD. tidying up36. _____ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A. BelieveB. To believeC. BelievingD. Believed37.To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _____ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse38. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. encouragingC. encouragedD. be encouraged39. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office ____.A. to send it toB. to send itC. to be sent toD. to have it sent40. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.A. the guide actsB. the guide actingC. actingD. acted41. Linda is thought to ________ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she is workingin.A. have workedB. workC. be workingD. be worked42. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To saveB. SavedC. SavingD. Having saved43. ____ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A. Having givenB. GivenC. To giveD. Give44. Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. dealB. to dealC. dealtD. dealing45. _____ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. DiscoveringB. To discoverC. To have discoveredD. Discovered46. What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worryingB. worriedC. worryD. worries47. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _______.A. supposingB. to supposeC. supposedD. being supposed48. ---- Haven’t you seen the sign, ____ “ NO PHOTOS”?---- I’m really sorry I didn’t.A. readsB. to readC. readD. reading49. ____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. To taste50. ----The plan is heard _______ so well that we don’t have to make any changes.----It is indeed.A. to designB. designingC. designedD. design51. The woman found it no good ____ her daughter too much money.A. givingB. being givenC. givenD. gave52. Her dress has become loose. She appears ____ weight.A. to loseB. being lostC. losingD. to have lost53. I find these problems are easy ____.A. to be worked outB. to work them outC. to work outD. to be worked them out54. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, ____ them more terrible.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make55. ----I would like to buy an expensive camera.----Well. We have several models ____.A. to choose fromB. of choiceC. to be chosenD. for choosing56. Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat.A. belonged to ; fed onB. belonging to ; feed onC. were belonged to ; feed onD. belonging to ; feeding on57. ----Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult?----Of course.A. how getting rid ofB. got rid ofC. to get rid ofD. being got rid of58. Never ______ off your coat ; it’s rather cold outside.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken59. You have no business______ to me the way you did yesterday.A about talking B. talking C. talked D. on talking60. We must treasure every minute because______ time is ______forever.A. lost; losingB. lost; lostC. losing; losingD. losing; lost参考答案：1—5 BCADA 6—10 ABCBD 11—15 ABACA 16—20 BCACD 21—25 ACAAA 26—30 BAABB 31—35 BABAD 36—40 ABCAB 41—45 CADDA 46—50 BCDCC 51—55 ADCBA 56—60 BCABB。