当前位置:文档之家› 中国苹果汁生产标准规定和质量控制

中国苹果汁生产标准规定和质量控制

中国苹果汁的生产标准与质量控制一、生产标准(Production Standard)1、苹果(Apple )(1)、成熟grown(2)、完整whole(3)、干净clean(4)、来自于农残普查合格的区域come from pesticide investigation conformity (5)、多品种multiple variety(6)、无虫害no pest harm2、感官指标(Sensory Characteristics)(1)、天然的苹果香味Nature apple flavor(2)、棕褐色Brown(3)、无杂质no impurity3、理化指标(Physical and Chemical Characteristics)(1)、酸度acidity:1.0%-4.5%(2)、色值color value:30%-90%@11.5Brix@440nm(3)、浊度turbidity:<3NTU(4)、热稳定性heat stability:稳定stable(5)、钠sodium:<30mg/kg@11.5Brix(6)、硝酸盐nitrate:<5mg/kg@11.5Brix(7)、果胶pectin:阴性negative(8)、淀粉starch:阴性negative4、微生物指标(Microbiological Chracteristics)(1)、细菌总数total plate count:<50cfu/ml(2)、大肠菌群coliform:不得检出not detectable(3)、致病菌pathogen:不得检出not detectable(4)、霉菌mould:不得检出not detectable(5)\耐热霉菌heat resistance mould:不得检出not detectable(6)、酵母菌yeast:不得检出not detectable(7)、耐高渗透压酵母菌osmophilic yeast:不得检出not detectable (8)、耐酸耐热菌thermophilic acidophilic bacteria:<1/10ml5、安全指标(Safe Chracteristics)(1)、农残Pesticide:符合中国和进口国法规(2)、棒曲霉素Patulin:<50mg/kg@11.5Brix(3)、重金属Heavy metal::符合中国和进口国法规6、真实性指标(Authenticity Charcteristics)(1)、纯天然浓缩苹果清汁pure nature apple juice concentrate(2)、不含有任何食品添加剂:甜味剂、酸味剂、色素、Vc等Do not contain any food additives,preservatives,flavors.(3)、纯天然浓缩苹果清汁pure nature apple juice concentrate二、质量控制(Quality Control)1、以前质量状况(Quality Status Before)(1)、质量低low quality(2)、曾经出现的质量事故:(3)、色值color value(4)、钠、硝酸盐sodium and nitrate(5)、棒曲霉素patulin(6)、富马酸、乳酸fumaric acid and lactic acid(7)、农残:甲胺磷pesticide-methamidophos2、质量控制范围(1)、人员personnel(2)、设备equipment(3)、原料raw material(4)、辅料auxilaury material(5)、工艺process(6)、质量体系quality systemISO9002:2000、HACCP3、质量控制措施(Quality Control measurement)(1)、色值(color value)A、改变工艺条件Change process conditonB、酶制剂enzymeC、树脂吸附resin adsorptionD、传统工艺和现代工艺结合combine with traditional process and modern processE、冻柜运输frozen container transportation(2)、钠和硝酸盐(sodium and nitrate)A、采用纯水漂洗use RO water to rinseB、提高漂洗时泵的流速increase the speed of pump during rinsingC、延长漂洗时间prolong rinsing timeD、对漂洗水进行检测,总结出规律detect the sodium and nitrate residue forthe rinsing water, summarize the rule(3)、棒曲霉素(patulin)A、苹果①、无害栽培技术②、贮藏技术③、苹果收购④、病虫害普查⑤、和果农签定质量和数量协议⑥、给果农的奖励金和质量挂钩⑦、加强原料的进厂检验B、拣选①、对拣果人员进行质量意识培训②、调整进果量和走带速度③、增加拣选台上的拣选人数④、确保拣选台上的苹果呈单层摆放C、工艺①、活性炭吸附②、树脂吸附(4)、生物危害(microbial hazard)A、来源resource①、土壤soil②、自来水tap water③、空气air④、冷凝水condensate water⑤、腐烂果rotten apple⑥、人员personnelB、苹果apple①、干净clean②、完整whole③、不得使用落果no fallen apple④、清洗cleaning⑤、分段step by step⑥、加清洗剂detergentC、水源water resource除菌处理remove bacteriaD、清洗工艺cleaning process①、清洗剂detergent②、温度temp.③、时间time④、流速speed of flowE、设备、罐、管道equipment/tank/pipe①、焊缝光滑welding line is smooth②、无死角no dead corner③、超滤ultrafiltrationF、空气air①、喷洒消毒spray disinfect②、空气过滤器air filter(5)、农残(pesticide)A、法规regulatory①、农药使用规范②、国内外法规宣传③、监控手段-GC :monitorB、清洗cleaning①、延长清洗时间time②、加入清洗剂detergent③、加大喷淋压力praying pressureC、苹果种植和收购apple planting and perchasing①、普查investigation②、建立基地build apple base③、收获时间harvest time④、收购过程perchasing process-包装物package-运输车辆transportation vehicle(6)、设备(equipment)2001-2006A、现代超滤加工工艺modern untrafiltration processingB、自动操作程度高operation automaticallyC、效率高high efficiencyD、质量指标要求多,特别是微生物指标等the items of quality requirements ismore, especially microbiological charateristicsE、无菌灌装aseptic fillingF、多种包装形式multi package styleG、设备厂家集中在3-4家设备制造商main equipment manufacturer is3-4H、设备质量和性能高high quality and performance of equipmentI、技术水平有很大提高technical level is improved much moreJ、规模大,单厂设备加工能力在50吨苹果/小时以上the large scale, the capacity is more than 50 tons apples per hour for single plant K、生产管理水平在不断提高production management level is improvedL、树脂吸附工艺得到普遍使用resin adsorption is used at largeM、建立了冷藏大罐区build cool big storage tankN、建立了冷库,部分-18℃冷库build cool storage warehouse, including part -18 ℃storage warehouseO、了解进口国的法律法规,与国际接轨the regulation of the country which import the juice is well knownP、全部实施ISO9000质量管理体系和HACCP食品安全管理体系actualize ISO9000 and HACCP quality and safety management system (7)、工艺(process)苹果接收←耐酸耐热菌↓一级清洗→去除耐酸耐热菌the first grade cleaning↓二级清洗→去除耐酸耐热菌the second grade cleaning↓提升elevator↓拣选→去除耐酸耐热菌sorting↓三级鼓泡浮洗加清洗剂:80mg/L二氧化氯溶液,5min)→去TAB↓四级鼓泡浮洗去除二氧化氯残留和TAB↓喷林清洗(3-5bar)→去除ClO2残留和TAB spraying cleaning↓破碎(70-80℃)←3%氢氧化钠↓压榨←3%氢氧化钠(50℃)+2%双氧水(常温)press↓前巴(95-120℃,30s)→去除耐酸耐热菌↓酶解←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)enzymination↓超滤(孔径0.02μm)→去除耐酸耐热菌ultrafiltration↓吸附←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)+3%双氧水(常温)resin adsorption↓浓缩←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)+3%双氧水(常温)concentration↓后巴←85-95℃←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)pasteurization↓灌装←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)filling(8)、酸度(acidity)A、我国浓缩苹果清汁按照酸度段的分区,大致为:the subarea of the acidity of chinese apple juice concentrate is as following:B、辽宁地区:苹果的品种以国光为主,浓缩苹果清汁酸度高,酸度范围2.2%-4.5%;Liaoning area: the main variety of apple is guoguang, high acidity,the range of acidity is 2.2%-4.5%C、山东地区:苹果的品种以富士为主,浓缩苹果清汁酸度为中酸,酸度范围1.8%-2.5%Shandong area: the main variety of apple is Fuji, medium acidity, therange of acidity is 1.8%-2.5%D、陕西地区:苹果的品种以秦冠为主,浓缩苹果清汁的酸度为低酸,酸度范围1.0%-1.8%.Shaanxi area: the main variety of apple is Qinguan, low acidity, therange of acidity is 1.0%-1.8%(9)、包装(package)A、非无菌包装到无菌包装from non-aseptic filling to aseptic fillingB、单一包装形式到多种包装形式from single package style to multiple package styleC、目前的包装形式:the package style at presentD、钢桶+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封steel drum+plastic bag+aseptic bag+sealE、液袋+铅封one way flexi bag+sealF、罐箱+铅封tanker+sealG、木箱+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封wooden box+plastic bag+aseptic bag+sealH、铁箱+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封steel box+plastic bag+aseptic bag+seal4、现在质量水平(Q uality level of present)(1)、和国际接轨,符合各进口国的法规(2)、先进企业的水平达到了世界同行业的平均水平5、发展趋势(Development Trend)(1)、采用一流设备use developed equipments(2)、传统工艺和现代工艺结合,使色值稳定combine with traditional process and modern process to make the color stable(3)、多种包装方式,满足客户不同需求multiple package style, meet the requirements of customers(4)、更有效的消除耐酸耐热菌的工艺more effective process to eliminate TAB (5)、更好风味的果汁better flavor juice(6)、更有营养的果汁better nutrient juice6、持续改进的过程(process of improvement continuously)(1)、从1982年到目前为止,中国浓缩苹果清汁总的质量发展趋势:up to present since 1982, the development trend of the quality ofchinese apple juice concentrate is as following:(2)、通过少量的理化指标和少量的微生物指标来评价产品质量(3)、通过系统性的食品安全质量管理体系从理化指标、微生物指标(耐酸耐热菌)、食品安全指标(棒曲霉素、农残、致病菌)全面地逐步提高产品质量。

相关主题