Abrupt1.marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions"abrupt prose"同义词：disconnected2.exceedingly sudden and unexpected"came to an abrupt stop"; " an abrupt change in the weather"3.extremely steep"an abrupt canyon"同义词：precipitous sharp4.surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner"an abrupt replyAffluent1.an affluent person; a person who is financially well off"the so-called emerging affluents"2. a branch that flows into the main stream同义词：feeder tributary confluentadj. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value"an affluent banker"同义词：flush loaded moneyed wealthyattain [ 'tein ]v.1.to gain with effort同义词：achieve accomplish reach2.reach a point in time, or a certain state or level同义词：reach hit3.find unexpectedly同义词：fall upon strike come upon light upon chance upon come across chance on happen upon discover4.reach a destination, either real or abstract同义词：reach make hit arrive at gainbless [ bles ]v.1.give a benediction to"The dying man blessed his son"2.confer prosperity or happiness on3.make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection;consecrate同义词：sign4.render holy by means of religious rites同义词：consecrate hallow sanctifybracket [ 'brkit ]n.1. a category falling within certain defined limits2.either of two punctuation marks (`<' or `>') used in computer programming andsometimes used to enclose textual material同义词：angle bracket3.either of two punctuation marks ([ or ]) used to enclose textual material同义词：square bracket4.an L-shaped support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf)v.1.support with brackets"bracket bookshelves"2.place into brackets"Please bracket this remark"同义词：bracket out3.classify or groupcherish [ 'teri ]v. be fond of; be attached to同义词：care for hold dear treasurecommercial [ k'm:l ]n. a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television同义词：commercial messageadj.1.connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce orcommercial enterprises"commercial trucker"; " commercial TV"; " commercial diamonds"2.of or relating to commercialism"a commercial attache"; " commercial paper"; " commercial law"3.of the kind or quality used in commerce; average or inferior"commercial grade of beef"; " commercial oxalic acid"confront [ kn'frnt ]v.1.oppose, as in hostility or a competition"You must confront your opponent"; " The two enemies finally confronted each other"同义词：face2.deal with (something unpleasant) head on"You must confront your problems"同义词：face up face3.present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize"We confronted him with the evidence"同义词：face present4.be face to face with"The child screamed when he confronted the man in the Halloween costume confusion [ kn'fju:n ]n.1.disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably"the army retreated in confusion"2. a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior"a confusion of impressions"同义词：mental confusion confusedness muddiness disarray3. a feeling of embarrassment that leaves you confused同义词：discombobulation4.an act causing a disorderly combination of elements with identities lost anddistinctions blended"the confusion of tongues at the Tower of Babel"5. a mistake that results from taking one thing to be another"he changed his name in order to avoid confusion with the notorious outlaw"同义词：mix-upconsequence [ 'knsi,kwns ]n.1. a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon"his decision had depressing consequences for business"同义词：effect outcome result event issue upshot2.the outcome of an event especially as relative to an individual"that result is of no consequence"同义词：aftermath3.having important effects or influence"decisions of great consequence are made by the president himself"同义词：import momentcuriosity [ ,kjuri'siti ]n.1. a state in which you want to learn more about something同义词：wonder2.something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting同义词：curio oddity oddment peculiarity raritydated [ 'deitid ]adj.1.marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past2.bearing a date"dated and stamped documents"deny [ di'nai ]v.1.declare untrue; contradict2.refuse to accept or believe3.refuse to grant, as of a petition or request4.refuse to let have同义词：refuse5.deny oneself (something); restrain, especially from indulging in some pleasure同义词：abnegate6.deny formally (an allegation of fact by the opposing party) in a legal suit同义词：traverse7.refuse to recognize or acknowledgedonation [ du'nein ]n.1. a voluntary gift (as of money or service or ideas) made to some worthwhilecause同义词：contribution2.act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to acharity同义词：contributionemotional [ i'munl ]adj.1.determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason"it was an emotional judgment"2.of more than usual emotion"his behavior was highly emotional"3.of or pertaining to emotion"emotional health"; " an emotional crisis"4.extravagantly demonstrative同义词：effusive gushing(a)gushy5.(of persons) excessively affected by emotion"he would become emotional over nothing at all"同义词：aroused excited worked upfabricate [ 'fbrikeit ]v.1.put together out of components or parts"the company fabricates plastic chairs"同义词：manufacture construct2.make up something artificial or untrue同义词：manufacture cook up make up inventfocus [ 'fuks ]n.1.the concentration of attention or energy on something"the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology"同义词：focusing focussing focal point direction centering2.maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system"in focus"; " out of focus"3.maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea"the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion"4. a central point or locus of an infection in an organism"the focus of infection"同义词：focal point nidus5.special emphasis attached to something同义词：stress6. a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which itdiverges同义词：focal point7. a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic sectionv.1.direct one's attention on something"Please focus on your studies and not on your hobbies"同义词：concentrate center centre pore rivet2.cause to converge on or toward a central point3.bring into focus or alignment; to converge or cause to converge; of ideas oremotions同义词：concenter concentre focalize focalise4.become focussed or come into focus"The light focused"同义词：focalize focalise5.put (an image) into focus"Please focus the image"; " we cannot enjoy the movie"同义词：focalize focalise sharpengenuine [ 'denjuin ]adj.1.not fake or counterfeit"a genuine Picasso"; " genuine leather"同义词：echt2.not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed"genuine emotion"同义词：true(a)unfeigned3.being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something"a genuine dilemma"同义词：actual literal realindividual [ ,indi'vidjul, -dl ]n.1. a human being同义词：person someone somebody mortal soul2. a single organismadj.1.being or characteristic of a single thing or person"individual drops of rain"; " please mark the individual pages"; " they went their individual ways"同义词：single2.separate and distinct from others of the same kind"mark the individual pages"同义词：case-by-case item-by-item3.characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing"an individual serving"同义词：separate single(a)4.concerning one person exclusively"we all have individual cars"同义词：privateitem [ 'aitm ]n.1. a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could beenumerated on a list"he noticed an item in the New York Times"; " she had several items on her shopping list"同义词：point2. a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection"they reduced the price on many items"3. a small part that can be considered separately from the whole同义词：detail particular4.an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole同义词：detail point5.an individual instance of a type of symbol同义词：tokenadv. (used when listing or enumerating items) also"a length of chain, item a hook"linger [ 'liɡ ]v.1.remain present although waning or gradually dying"Her perfume lingered on"2.be about同义词：loiter lounge footle lollygag loaf lallygag hang around mess about tarry lurk mill about mill around3.leave slowly and hesitantly同义词：tarry4.take one's time; proceed slowly同义词：dawdle5.move to and fro"The shy student lingered in the corner"同义词：hoverminimal [ 'miniml ]adj. the least possible"needed to enforce minimal standards"; " her grades were minimal"; " a minimal charge for the service"同义词：minimumprimarily [ 'praimrli, prai'me- ]adv.1.for the most part同义词：chiefly principally mainly in the main2.of primary import"this is primarily a question of economics"同义词：in the first placepursuit [ p'sju:t ]n.1.the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture"the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit"同义词：chase pursual following2. a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria"the pursuit of love"同义词：pursuance quest3.an auxiliary activity同义词：avocation by-line hobby sideline spare-time activity4. a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)"they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits"同义词：pastime interestseemingly [ 'si:mili ]adv. from appearances alone"the child is seemingly healthy but the doctor is concerned"同义词：apparently ostensibly on the face of itsentiment [ 'sentimnt ]n.1.tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion2. a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty同义词：opinion persuasion view thoughtstammer [ 'stm ]n. a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds 同义词：stutterv. speak haltingly同义词：bumble stutter faltertangible [ 'tndbl ]adj.1.perceptible by the senses especially the sense of touch"skin with a tangible roughness"同义词：touchable2.capable of being treated as fact"tangible evidence"同义词：real3.(of especially business assets) having physical substance and intrinsic monetaryvalue"tangible property like real estate"; " tangible assets such as machinery"4.capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable ofbeing handled or touched or felt同义词：palpabletickle [ 'tikl ]n.1. a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking2.the act of tickling同义词：tickling titillationv.1.touch (a body part) lightly so as to excite the surface nerves and causeuneasiness, laughter, or spasmodic movements同义词：titillate vellicate2.feel sudden intense sensation or emotion同义词：thrill vibrate3.touch or stroke lightly"The grass tickled her calves"vital [ 'vaitl ]adj.1.urgently needed; absolutely necessary"vital for a healthy society"; " of vital interest"同义词：critical2.performing an essential function in the living body"vital organs"; " blood and other vital fluids"; " the loss of vital heat in shock"; " a vital spot"同义词：life-sustaining3.full of spirit"a vital and charismatic leader"同义词：full of life lively4.manifesting or characteristic of life"a vital, living organism"; " vital signs"。