高分子专业英语课文翻译高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物,What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and什么是高聚物, 首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To 如说普通的盐。
contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while 与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand 而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。
thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成, 小分子相互结合形成大分子，molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that 大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。
举例说明，a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things 想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。
当这些环相互连接areinterlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from 起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。
molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from 相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。
molecules of different compounds.This interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复”，‘many’ and mer meaning ‘part’ (in Greek). As an example, a gaseous compoundmer意味着“链节、基体”(希腊语中)。
例如:称为丁二烯的气态化合物，called butadiene, with a molecular weight of 54, combines nearly 4000 times and 分子量为54，化合将近4000次，gives a polymer known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯(合成橡胶)的高聚物。
高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料000molecular weight. The low molecular weight compounds from which the polymers形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。
form are known as monomers. The picture is simply as follows:下面简单地描述一下形成过程:butadiene + butadiene + + butadiene--?polybutadiene(4 000 time)丁二烯，丁二烯，…，丁二烯——?聚丁二烯4000次) (One can thus see how a substance (monomer) with as small a molecule weight因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质(单体)as 54 grow to becom e a giant molecule (polymer) of (54×4 000?)200 000 molecular如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子(高聚物)。
weight. It is essentially the ‘giantness’ of the size of the polymer molecule实质上，正是由于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化that makesits behavior different from that of a commonly known chemical compound 合物。
such as benzene. Solid benzene, for instance, melts to become liquid benzene at例如，固态苯，在5.5?熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。
5.5? and , on further heating, boils into gaseous benzene. As against this与这类简单化合物well-defined behavior of a simple chemical compound, a polymer like polyethylene 明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液does not melt sharply at one particular temperature into clean liquid. Instead, 体。
it becomes increasingly softer and, ultimately, turns into a very viscous, tacky 而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。
molten mass. Further heating of this hot, viscous, molten polymer does convert将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热，会转变成各种气体，it into various gases but it is no longer polyethylene. (Fig. 1.1) . 但它不再是聚乙烯(如图1.1)。
固态苯——?液态苯——?气态苯1高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料加热，5.5? 加热，80?固体聚乙烯——?熔化的聚乙烯——?各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯加热加热图1.1 低分子量化合物(苯)和聚合物(聚乙烯)受热后的不同行为Another striking difference with respect to the behavior of a polymer and that发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。
of a low molecular weight compound concerns the dissolution process. Let us take,for example, sodium chloride and add it slowly to s fixed quantity of water. The 例如，让我们研究一下，将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。
salt, which represents a low molecular weight compound, dissolves in water up to 盐，代表一种低分子量化合物，在水中达到点(叫饱和点)溶解，s point (called saturation point) but, thereafter, any further quantity added does但，此后，进一步添加盐不进入溶液中却沉到底部而not go into solution but settles at the bottom and just remains there as solid. 保持原有的固体状态。
The viscosity of the saturated salt solution is not very much different from that 饱和盐溶液的粘度与水的粘度不是十分不同。
of water. But if we take a polymer instead, say, polyvinyl alcohol, and add it但是，如果我们用聚合物替代，譬如说，将聚乙烯醇添加到固定量的水中，聚to a fixed quantity of water, the polymer does not go into solution immediately. 合物不是马上进入到溶液中。
The globules of polyvinyl alcohol first absorb water, swell and get distorted in 聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生形变，经过很长的时间以后进入到溶液中。
shape and after a long time go into solution. Also, we can add a very large quantity同样地，我们可以将大量的聚合物加入到of the polymer to the same quantity of water without the saturation point ever 同样量的水中，不存在饱和点。
being reached. As more and more quantity of polymer is added to water, the time将越来越多的聚合物加入水中，认为聚合物溶解的时间明显地增加，最2高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料taken for the dissolution of the polymer obviously increases and the mix ultimately 终呈现柔软像面团一样粘稠的混合物。