名词复数变化1.一般情况下加s map—maps2.s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es bus—buses【stomach(胃)---stomachs；epoch(新时期)---epochs】3.以y结尾的名词,变复数时 a.以辅音字母+y,变y为i加es baby—babiesb.专有名词或元音字母+y,直接加s two Marys,monkeys【Dry禁酒论者---drys,standby后备人员---standbys】4.以o结尾的名词,变复数时 a.加s，photo—photosb.加es，Negro,hero,potato,tomato,volcano，tornado,torpedo,veto,mosquito,5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时 a.去f或fe加ves，half—halvesb.加s，gulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe+S6.名词复数的不规则变化a.man—men woman—women child—children foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese mouse—mice louse-lice ox-oxenb.an Englishman—two Englishmen.【但German-Germans，human-humans】**c.外来名词：criterion—criteria(标准)；phenomenon—phenomena(现象)；analysis—analyses(分析)；basis—bases（基础）；crisis—crises(危机)；thesis—theses(论文)；bacterium—bacteria(细菌)；Medium–media（媒介物）；7.单复同形的名词deer,sheep,fish,shark,giraffe,buffalo,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,means,series, species,aircraft,staff,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin除了中国度量衡和货币之外,美元,英镑,法郎等都有复数形式。
the English,the Chinese,表示国民总称时，谓语用复数。
2pieces of fish2fish2fishes2pieces of glass2glasses2pairs of glassespenny（便士）pence(价值)Pennies（个数）8.集体名词A单数类集体名词：意思为复数，但位于用单数humanity人类clothing衣服glassware玻璃器具machinery机械mankind人类equipment设备jewelry珠宝poetry诗baggage行李furniture家具luggage行李pottery陶器B复数类集体名词：以单数形式出现，但实为复数,谓语用复数。
Faculty,poultry, folk,people,police等本身就是复数，谓语动词用复数。
不能说a people和a police,但可以说a person和a policeman【a people–two peoples民族】C单复同形类集体名词位于单复数由意思决定Army;audience;bacteria;Cast; committee;community;company;Council;crew;data;enemy;family;flock;gang; government;group;herd;jury;Media;navy;opposition;police;Press;proletariat无产阶级;public;staff;team;youth单数：My family is big family.复数：His family are all music lovers.9.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词a.maths，politics，physics学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b.news是不可数名词。
c.the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。
d.某些疾病Mumps腮腺炎measles麻疹e.活动名称Billiards/cards/darts10.-表示由两部分构成的东西-以ing 结尾的词-其他复数如：glasses,trousers,clothes,slippers 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair;suit,a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 。
谓语单复数取决于数量词pair 单复数。
belongings;surroundings;doings;earnings;findings;savings;;contents;arms;fireworks;wages;forces;remains;valuables;stairs;sweets 11.复合名词的复数a.由man 和woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式前后都变复数Woman teacher—women teachersb.中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数，将最后一个名词变复数housewife —housewives;greenhouse —greenhousec.中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词，将主要的词变成复数passer-by —passers-by;mother-in-law —mothers-in-lawd.复合名词中的单词没有名词时，则在最后一个单词的词尾+sgo-between —go-betweens,has-been —has-beens (过时的人或物)12.用复数的固定词组Thanks to;give regards to;take pains;with best wishes;have words with;in high spirits;in all directions;shake hands with sb;make preparations for;make friends with;congratulations (to sb)on (doing)sth常见的不可数名词有：--物质/材料：air;baggage;beancurd;beef;blood;bread;butter;chalk;chicken;chocolate;cloth;coal;coffee;corn;cream;daylight;clothing;cotton;dirt;dust;electricity;energy;equipment;cheese;fibre;fog;food;fruit;furniture;flesh;four;glass;gold;grain;grass;hair;honey;iron;jewelry;kerosene;lightning;luggage;meat;milk;money;moustache;mud;music;mutton;hay;oxygen;paper;pork;porridge;powder;rain;fice;rubbish;salt;sauce;silver;steam;steel;storage;sugar;sunrise;sweat;thirst;thunder;water;wheat;wind;wood;wool;soap;vinegar;wine;soup;--抽象：time;noise;information;knowledge;progress;trouble;fun;courage;luck ；patience ；poverty;wealth ；traffic ；waste ；quality;advice;attention;business;citizenship;danger;darkness;death;depth;damage;comfort;education;disappointment;experience(经验);freedom;future,fun,goodness,graduation;grammar;happiness;health;homework;hunger;imagination;importance;information;justice;kindness;knowledge;luck;measure;labour;humor;permission;progress;pressure;poverty;practice;pleasure;population;sickness;smoking;sorrow;starvation;treatment;trouble;truth;use;wealth;willingness;wisdom;weather;work;housework;pollution;****【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:weather,．．．．．．．．fun,．．．．space(．．．．．．太空．．),．．advice,．．．．．．．word=news,．．．．．．．．．．progress,．．．．．．．．．information,．．．．．．．．．．．．news ．．．．】不可数名词也可以直接加-s 等表示复数，但它的意义也有所变化，用来指一些具体的事物。
--Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。
(不可数)--These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。
(可数)--This factory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢铁。
(不可数)--We need various steels.我们需要各种钢材。
(可数)--Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。
(不可数)--Two teas,please.请来两杯茶。
(可数)water(水)-waters(水域)，sea(海)-seas(海域)sand （沙子）-sands （沙漠,沙滩）wood （木头）-woods （树林）damage （毁坏）-damages （赔偿金）good （好处）-goods （货物）time （时间）-times （时代）custom （风俗）-customs （海关）minute （分钟）-minutes （记录）manner （态度）-manners （礼貌）exercise （锻炼）-exercises （体操、练习）paper （纸）-papers （文件）character （性格）-characters （汉字、符号）advice （建议）-advices （消息，报道）force （力量）-forces （军队）return （回来）-returns （统计表）green （绿色）-greens （青菜）light （光）-lights （灯）iron （铁）-irons （熨斗）glass （玻璃）-glasses （玻璃杯）freedom (自由)-four freedoms (特指“四大自由”)necessity （必要性）-necessities （生活必需品）modernization (现代化)-the four modernizations (特指“四个现代化”)spirit （精神）-in high spirits （情绪）custom （习俗）-customs （海关）experience （经验）-experiences （经历）●****修饰可数名词不可数名词的词或短语只修饰可数名词的词或短语：Many ；several ；few /a few;a great(good)many;a number of;a large(great)number of;(large/great)numbers of 只修饰不可数名词的词或短语：Much little a great amount of a littlea bit of a good(great)deal of修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词或短语：Some enough most a lot of lots of plenty of Much too +adj v.s too much +n●****可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词一般为不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，但以下这些抽象名词加a/an 表示具体的事物或人honour;death;pleasure;success;failure;comfort;surprise;worry;beauty;wonder;envy;shock;shame;regret;joy;danger;shame;pity;experience;●抽象名词部分1.Of+抽象名词=相应的形容词2.of +表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜色、材料3.in +height/length/size/width/depth4.by the hour/by the dozen5.with/in /by/on +(great +)抽象名词=（very +）副词A man of sense=a sensible man;…of wealth=a wealthy man;…of experience=an experienced;…of courage=a courageous We are of the same age.The two dresses are of different materials.The lake is about 60meters in depth.The rope is 10meters in length.We are paid by the hour.Energy is measured in calories.I met Lisa by accident (=accidentally)in London.●不可数名词的计量形式：。