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英语动词单三变化规则及名词单数变复数口诀

英语动词第三人称单数变化规则及名词单数变复数口诀一、动词的第三人称单数现在式变化规则:1)一般由动词原形加-sget-gets play-plays2)以e结尾的动词,加-slike-likes make-makes3)以o结尾的动词加-esgo-goes do-does4)以s, x, ch, sh等字母结尾的动词,后面加-eskiss-kisses fix-fixes teach-teaches fish-fishes 5)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i, 再加-esfly-flies study-studies6) have –has1、一般现在时①主语+动词原型VI have a friend. You have a friend. We have a friend.They have a friend.②主语(第三人称单数)+动词V(三单)She / He / It has a friend.Tom / My mother has a friend.2.不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表(一)、AAA. (原形,过去式和过去分词一致)1. 花费 cost cost cost2. 割 cut cut cut3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt4. 让 let let let5. 放 put put put6. 朗读 read read read7. 设置 set set set 8.打击,碰撞 hit hit hit9.关上门窗 shut shut shut 10.让 let let let(二)、ABB(过去式和过去分词一致)1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought1. 带来 bring brought brought2. 买 buy bought bought3. 打架 fight fought fought4. 想 think thought thought5. 寻找、探究 seek sought sought2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught5. 抓住 catch caught caught6. 教 teach taught taughtt替换原形-d3) 过去式、过去分词-7. 建筑 build built built 8. 借出 lend lent lent9. 花费 spend spent spent 10.派遣 send sent sent 4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed 12. 意思 mean meant meant13. 燃烧 burn burnt/ed burnted 13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed 13. 处理 deal dealt dealt14. 听 hear heard heard5) 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15. 保持 keep kept kept 16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept17. 扫 sweep swept swept6) 过去式、过去分词改为-elt18. 感觉 feel felt fel 19. 嗅 smell smelt/ed smelt/ed 20. 拼写 spell spelt/ed spelt/ed 7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid20. 孵蛋 lay laid laid 21. 说 say said said 22. 支付 pay paid paid8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old23. 卖 sell sold sold24. 告诉 tell told told9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood25 站 stand stood stood26.明白 understand understood understood10) 其它变化27.得到 get got got(gotten) 28.坐 sit sat sat29.照顾 babysit babysat babysat 30.离开 leave left left31.失去 lose lost lost 32.找到 find found found33.有 have(has) had had 34.握住,召开 hold held held35.制造 make made made 36.悬挂 hang hung hung37.照耀 shine shone shone 39.赢 win won won40逃跑 flee fled fled 41喂feed fed fed42.引导,导致 lead led led 43遇见 meet met met三、ABA (过去式与原形一致)1.变成 become became become2. 来 come came come3. 跑 run ran run 四、ABC (原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样)1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en1. 击败 beat beat beaten2. 破坏 break broke broken3. 驾驶 drive drove driven4. 吃 eat ate eaten5. 落下 fall fell fallen6. 给 give gave given7. 生长 grow grew grown8. 知道 know knew known9. blow blew blown10. 扔 throw threw thrown11. 展示 show showed shown12.弄错,错误 mistake mistook mistaken 13. 拿 take took taken14.摇动 shake shook shaken 15. 说 speak spoke spoken16. 选择 choose chose chosen2) 三种形式都有变化1. 是 be( is, am, are ) was/were been2. 开始 begin began begun3. 做 do did done4. 喝 drink drank drunk5. 飞fly flew flown6. 忘记 forget forgot forgotten(forgot)7. 躺 lie lay lain8. 骑 ride rode ridden 9. 打电话 ring rang rung10. 唱 sing sang sung 11. 穿 wear wore worn 12. 游泳 swim swam swum 13. 写 write wrote written 14. 去 go went gone语法(Grammar)一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成:助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词过去分词的构成方法如下 : A:1.一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加–ed. worked answered obeyed wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加–d. moved hoped divided3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。

则将y改i加ed. studied tidied satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加–ed.stopped regretted dropped B: Learn the verb list on P122.二、现在完成时的用法1、现在完成时的 "完成用法"现在完成时的 "完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如: He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

( 动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。

)现在完成时 "完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如: already , yet , before , recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如: never , ever , once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如: this morning / month / year... , today 等 ) 连用。

例如: Have you found your pen yet ,你已找到你的钢笔了吗, 2、现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 "现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 " 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。

例如:1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿。

( 动作起始于 1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。

)2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

( 动作开始于 5 年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。

)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ,或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如: up to now , so far 到目前为止 ) 等。

例如: I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是" 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 " 。

如: The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

如: yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ; 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since..., for.../since...ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。

说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对 " 现在 " 产生的影响。

如:He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。

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