next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
将来完成时专项练习
▪ 1. By the end of this year ,I ____enough money for a holiday
▪ A will save B will be saving C will have saved Dhave saved
4.我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
5.Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地， 说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。
试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在这儿）。
2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。
The train __h_a_d__le_f_t __ (leave) when we arrived there.
将来完成时
▪ 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前 已经完成或一直持续的动作经常与 before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也 可与before或by the time引导的现在时的 从句连用。
1.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
2.他感冒三天了.
一般过去时态和现在完 成时态可以构成同意句
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
现在完成时
助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有 人称。
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对 现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间 副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。 例如：
等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲呆了 两星期了。
3. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替
将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。
▪ 例如： ① You'll get to like the subject after
you have studied it for some time. 在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就
already. ⑤ I’ve just lost my science book.
有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。
2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下 去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包 括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等
▪ 选C,by the end of this year, 是明确表示将来的时间状语,主句表示在这个将来时间以 前完成的动作,故应用将来完成时.
▪ 2.When i have done that,I (______) all I was supposed to do.(do)
▪ 我做完了这件事，就做完了我全部应该做的事情。Will have done
He has been away since last week. He has been away for one week.
对划线部分提问都用 How long
（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： ★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说 话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years Since 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
一般过去时态的时间状语从句
since you came since you got home. 注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.
会喜欢它的。 ② I'll go and see the exhibition as
soon as I have finished my work. 我一做完作业就去看展览。
现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的 区别
▪ 现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前 完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态，过去完成时则以 过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生 的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态，将来完成时 则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止 已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态：
将来完成时的构成
▪ 将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have + 过去分词"构成的。
▪ Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
▪ 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.
▪ 到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 ▪ By the time you get home I will have
cleaned the house from top to bottom. ▪ 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
2 将来完成时通常与：“by+将来时间”和＂by the time that＂结构连用
▪ He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。 ▪ He had finished writing his novel 说。 ▪ He will have finished writing his novel by the end of
▪ 。例如： ① By the year 2050, scientists
probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.
到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到了治愈癌 症的方法。
② By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.
be a soldier be a Party member be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词 die— be dead finish – be over begin— be on leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed
过去完成时
1. She cleaned the room.
2. She locked the door.
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
cleaned the room locked the door
now
By the time she locked the door, she had cleaned the room.
1. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______? A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you 2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai.
---So ____ her parents. 3. – I have watched the game.
1. The bus left. 2. I got outside.
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
the bus left
I got outside
now
By the time I got outside, the bus had left
1. He finished his homework 2. He played ping pong
结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转 换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– Have catch(get) a cold – have a cold borrow— keep
Come/go /become— be
put on-- wear
2.转换成be+名词 join the army – Join the Party – go to school–
2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定义）
构成： had + 动词的过去分词 (p.p.)
定义：
表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已 经发生或完成了的动作。即：过去的 过去。