I don’t mind the hot weather.
I found the room rather cold. I felt the room rather cold.
On Sundays I always sleep late. On Sundays I always get up late.
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❖ E.g . 国家 ❖ Country emphasizes the territory. ❖ Nation emphasizes the people. ❖ State emphasizes political organization. ❖ Land is often used to connote certain feeling.
A good man : kind / honest / just / generous / sympathetic / warm-hearted / selfless / honorable
Good food: tasty / nourishing / rich / wholesome / high-priced / fresh / substantial
water-sensitive-crops, snow-poor-winter, …
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3.Avoid slang
❖ On hearing that his father had kicked the bucket, we wrote him a letter to express our deep sympathies.
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❖ The blanket felt soft to her. She felt the blanket soft.
His level of English has been proved. His English has improved.
He came out the fourth in the exam. He received the fourth place in the exam.
❖ Everybody should return the books he borrowed within a week.
agreement between pronoun and antecedent
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Correct the following sentences:
❖ She told my sister that her idea was practicable.
❖ The shade of meaning ❖ Eg1: eagle and hawk ❖ Eagle is a bird that soars high and thus see far.
to have an eagle eye (to have excellent vision) ❖ Hawk is a bird of pray, symbolizes harshness,
In spring, the wind blows all day long. The air is then filled with fine dust which sometimes shuts out the sun. There is no escape from the fine dust. It gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils, and your hair.
Public servant
bureaucrat
Financier
speculator
Law officer
cop
Captain of industry tycoon
Investigator
spy
Captive
jailbird
neutral government emp investor policeman successful busine detective prisoner
❖ My father purchased a large automobile. ❖ My dad bought a big car.
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Chapter II Making Correct and Effective
Sentences
I. Elements of a sentence II. Requirements of a correct sentence III. Requirements of an effective sentence
❖ The big banquet held in honor of the distinguished state guests was really neat.
❖ [俚语]呱呱叫的；了不起的，极好的 ❖ Unexceptionable/ admirable/ excellent
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II. Using words accurately
❖ A far-away / foreign land; a land of liberty/
opportunity
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● Different connotation reflects the different attitude of the speaker.
Complimentary derogatory
thus people call the hard line politician “the hawk”.
❖ Eg2: dumb and mute
❖ He is a dumb / mute man.
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1. Specific and concrete words
❖ Specific and general
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2. Denotation and Connots the basic ,direct, literal meaning of a word. As defined by the dictionary.
❖ Connotation is the association around and the overtone about the word. it’s the feeling or idea suggested by the word.
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General: In spring, the weather in Beijing can be very bad. Specific: In spring, it is often windy and dusty here.
More specific with the help of details:
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I. Elements of a sentence
❖ 1. Completeness in structure; ❖ 2. Begin with a capital letter; ❖ 3. End with a full stop, or a question mark, or
an exclamation mark; ❖ 4. Express a single complete idea.
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II. Requirements of a correct sentence
❖ 1. completeness in structure
❖ 2. the right subject
❖ 3. agreement between the subject and the predicate verb
❖ An island country ; neighboring country
❖ peace-loving nation; the awaking nation of Africa
❖ State-owned enterprises
❖ Our state system is the people’s democratic dictatorship.
● Words or meaning which have gone out of use altogether are called obsolete. Eg: admirable[废语]令人惊奇的 fine n. [废语]惩罚，处罚；为接受惩罚支付的钱
● Newly-coined words Eg: junior-high-schooler, tube-steak,
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3. Synonyms
❖ Synonyms :Two or more forms with very closely related meaning, which are often but not always, intersubstitutable in a sentence.
❖ According to formality:
❖ 9. proper use of comparisons
❖ 10.correct use of the tense
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Correct the following sentences:
❖ Because he hadn’t finish his assignment, so he continued working in the classroom. completeness in structure
English and French. .
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Examples:
❖ The concert concluded with a performance of Beethoven’s 5th symphony.
❖ They ended the concert with Beethoven’s 5th symphony.