常用医学英语词根词缀1．人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao-cardial cardium / carditis / cardiology脑brain encepholo-cerebral cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology肺lung pulmo-pulmonary pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology 肝liver hepato-hepatic hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology胃stomach gastro-gastric gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology胆gallbladder chole-biliary holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy 肠intestine entero-intestinal enteritis / enterectomy / enterology脾spleen splen-splenic splenitis / splenectomy / splenology胰pancreas pancreato-pancreatic pancreatitis / pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro-renal/nephric nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octal system九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀 +deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕brown brown mixture / brown ring橙orange Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G粉红pink oink frothy sputum绯红crimson青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-” .5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无a-/an-atypical anuria/agranulocytopenia小/ 微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/ 巨macro-macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合 /多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/ 泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难 /障碍 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/ 块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7．与方位有关的前含通用前示例上upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior infra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内nner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardialbetween inter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/ 副 on the side of para-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注： in vivo /in ’vaivou/ 活体内 ; in vitro /in vaitrou/ 活体外或管内； in situ /in’ saitju:/ 原位8．与外科手有关的前（后）含前（后）示例切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（）形ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography⋯trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho- 也是“正”“ 原”的前，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy 方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心；graph 器，如：electrocardigraph 心机； gram 象，文字，如：electrocardiogram 心。