英语音标基础学习及试————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。
2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。
3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。
4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。
一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。
单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。
5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。
6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）。
7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。
用符号“’”表示。
8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。
音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1. 长短：/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/2. 大小：/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/3. I组：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/4. U组：/əʊ/ /aʊ/5. ə组：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z//ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ /w//j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a1./ei/ name able cake table take date2./æ/ apple cat map am match matter sad and angry3./ɑ: / dance last pass plant4./כ/ want what watch wash5./ə/ a arrive along alike aloude1./i:/ he she me evening meter2./e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February nextthen send3./i/ enjoy English eleven because foresti1./ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind2./i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner himlistenpick rivero1./əu / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano2./כ/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop3./ʌ/ son month mother love young4./u:/ who do whoseu1./ju: / use usually excuse menu2./ʌ/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must3./ u / put pull helpfulb /b/ book big bag boxc1./k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes2./s/ face nice pencil city cinemad /d/ desk doll dog dad day don’t dish does deepf /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funnyg1./ɡ/ gun glass glad go get2./dʒ / age orange villageh /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospital j / dʒ/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July Junek /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake likel1./l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play2./l/ apple bowl tell old tail whalem /m/ am map my mouth milkn1./n/ no know new hand2./ŋ/thank think thing uncle swingp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman q /kw/ quite quilt quickr /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library s1./s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass2./z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plantv /v/ five very seven village livew /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with x /ks/ box six fox relaxy1./ai /my fly why bye2./ j / yes yellow young yesterday3./ i /happy baby very windy snowy studyz / z / zoo zero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai /ei/ wait paintay /ei/ may play day sayair /εə / air hair chairal /ɔ:/ tall small ballar /α: / farther farm car armea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ②/e/ head bread ready ③/iə/ theater ear ①/ iə / ear hear near ②/εə/ bear ③/ə:/ earthee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeepeir /εə/ theirer ①/ə/ worker teacher ② /ə:/ herere ①/iə/ here ②/εə/ where thereew ①/ju: / new few ②/u: / flew grewight /ai / right high brightir /ə: / bird girl shirt thirtyoa /əu/ boat coatong /oŋ/ long songoo ①/u/ book foot good ②/u:/ moon balloonor①/ɔ:/ short fork port ②/ə: / word world workoor /ɔ:/ door floorore /ɔ:/ more store soreou /au/ out house mouthour ①/ɔ:/ four your ② /auə/ ourow ①/əu/ bowl window ② /au/ now cow floweroy /oi/ boy toyur /ə: / turn（二）辅音组合th ①/θ/ thank mouth ②/ δ/ this that withtr /tr/ tree train truckdr /dr/ dress driversh /∫/ shirt wash shortch ①/t∫/ child chair catch ②/ k / school Christmas ③/ dз/ sandwichtw /tw/ two twin twentywh ①/w/ white wheel what ②/h/ who whose whomts /ts/ jackets kitesds /dz/ birds friends（三）特殊组合tion /∫n/ question nation四、单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。
含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny['fʌnɪ]，famous['feməs]由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about[ə'baut]。
有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。
如anybody['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。
双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ]，grandfather['grænd,fɑðɚ]。
四．句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。
英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ//bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will/pæk/ /gæp/ /træʃ/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi//′setl/ /di′pend/pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend2. /a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u//ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /stɔ:m/ /nɔ:t/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark/θɔt/ /prɔmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/thought promise loose took mood through pull wood3. /ʌ/ /ə/ /ə//dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps4. /ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi//keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster5. /iə/ /ɛə/ /uə//viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kə′lʌmbiə/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia6. /θ/ /ð//mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/month thief that than faith together thank themselves（二）、绕口令：1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.3.If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worthnoticing.4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleedblood.5.If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch whichwatch? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch?6.She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells areseashells she is sure.二、笔头练习：（一）. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach ( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map ( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party ( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good ( ) 5. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu ( ) 6. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot ( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly ( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over ( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about ( ) 10.A. too B．classroom C．broom D．afternoon ( ) 11. A. yellow B．brown C．window D．know ( ) 12. A．these B．they C．brother D．three( ) 13. A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps（二）．根据音标写单词：[fa:] _______ [da:ns] _______ [mu:n] _______[kait] _______ [′hæpinis ] _________ [′priti] _______[′fæmili] _______ [tə′geðə] _______ [fɔks][tju:b] [flai] [flæg]_______['mu:nkeik] _______ ['indiə] _______ ['djuəriŋ]_______ [snəu] _______['si:zn] _______ [di'liʃəs] _______['jestədei] _______[in'dʒɔi]_______ ['mid,ɔ:təm] _______[tʃeindʒ] _______['deindʒə] ______ ['nɔizi] _______ [mju(:)'ziəm] _______（三）根据音标写句子：1. auəkla:s iz nɔt veri big . __________________________2. bʌt its aiz a: nɔt big . __________________________3. ðɛəa: siks kla:siz in greid wʌn .______________________________________________________4. wi: kæn si: it æt ðə zu: . ___________________________。